Global Markets in Review: Another Plunge of Equities, Ongoing Flight to Safety

“Down, down, deeper and down”. So goes the chorus of a Status Quo song, but it is eerily starting to sound like the stock markets’ anthem.

Another week and another plunge of equities on fears about the intensity of the global recession and renewed skepticism regarding the beleaguered financial sector. And, yet again, flight-to-safety trades such as the US dollar (at a three-year high) and government bonds took center stage.

Our family yesterday celebrated my son’s eighth birthday. While the kids were amusing themselves in pirate garb, the parents engaged in a more subdued deliberation about the exhausting stream of ugly news on the financial front. Interestingly, never in a career of 26 years have I had so many people sympathizing with my “day job” as investment manager. Will the arrival of food parcels at my front door perhaps herald a bottom in the stock market?

Back to the past week’s action on the markets. Globally, stocks were generally in the red, as summarized by the week’s movements of the MSCI Global Index (-7.1%, YTD -24.2%) and the MSCI Emerging Markets Index (EEM) (countries like Italy (+15.6%), Denmark (-11.7%), Belgium (-10.0%) and Holland (-9.2%) were on the receiving end of the selling orders.

The FTSE Eurofirst 300 Index touched the lowest level in its 12-year history, whereas the Japanese Nikkei 225 Average (-5.2%) came to within a stone’s throw of a 26-year low.

But a few bourses also up put a good show, mostly among emerging markets. The Russian Trading System Index (+5.8%) and Chinese Shanghai Composite Index (+5.3%) brought some joy to investors, while Eastern European markets like Poland (+2.9%) and Romania (+2.3%) rebounded. (Click here to access a complete list of global stock market index movements, in local currency terms, as supplied by Emerginvest.)

As shown in the table below (click to enlarge), the major US indices suffered another miserable week, recording eight losing weeks out of nine in 2009 and falling to 12-year lows. The Dow Jones Industrial Index’s 2009 year-to-date decline of 24.5% is by far the worst start to a year after 44 trading days since 1900. According to Bespoke, there have been 19 previous years where the Dow was down 5% or more at this point, and only four of those years ultimately finished in positive territory.

The Dow is currently down by 53.2% since its peak of October 2007. Chart of the Day (click to enlarge) points out that since 1896 only the bear market that started in 1929 has produced a larger slump.

On the exchange-traded fund (ETF) front, John Nyaradi (Wall Street Sector Selector) reports that “all things short” was again the theme of the week, with ProShares Short Financial (SEF) leading the way with a gain of 18.1%. Other inverse leaders were ProShares Short Russell 2000 (RWM) (+10.0%) and ProShares Short MidCap 400 (MYY) (+9.3%).

Among “long” ETFs the notable leaders were iShares MSCI Taiwan Index (EWT) (+5.0%) and US Oil (USO) (+3.5%).

Notwithstanding supply concerns, government bond yields in the US, UK and Germany declined as investors continued their flight to safety. Yields of 10-year Treasuries, Bunds and Gilts were down by 15, 58 and 20 basis points respectively.

In the case of the UK, the Bank of England introduced quantitative easing as its new monetary tool and unveiled an ambitious plan to buy UK government paper by printing money. Speculation rose that the Federal Reserve may also commence a program of buying longer-dated government securities. In typical David Fuller style, he offered the following advice to governments: “The patient is hemorrhaging on the operating table; do anything and everything to resuscitate (inflate) this deflating body.”

On the credit front, Markit’s spreads show that the cost of insuring corporate debt against default has increased markedly throughout the world over the past month. This is illustrated by the movement in the spreads (expressed in basis points) for the five-year credit derivative indices listed below.

• CDX (North America, investment-grade) Index: up from 196 to 250
• CDX (North America, high-yield) Index: up from 1,458 to 1,824
• Markit iTraxx Europe Index: up from 161 to 204
• Markit iTraxx Europe Crossover Index: up from 1,065 to 1,150
• Markit iTraxx Japan Index: up from 400 to 528
• Markit iTraxx Asia ex Japan IG Index: up from 363 to 462
• Markit iTraxx Asia ex Japan HY Index: up from 1,210 to 1,325

Next, a tag cloud of all the articles I have read during the past week. This is a way of visualizing word frequencies at a glance. Key words such as “banks”, “economy” and “markets” dominated the list, whereas “China” seems to be gaining more prominence by the week.

Having breached the November 20, 2008 and October 2002 lows, the Dow and S&P 500 have fallen significantly below their respective 50- and 200-day moving averages, as shown in the customary table summarizing important chart levels (click to enlarge). The large deviations of the moving averages point to a massively oversold situation - almost like a spring that is stretched too far. Meanwhile, I have added the July 1996 lows to the table as these levels are now in sight of the indices.

According to Thomas Lee, US Equity Strategist at JPMorgan, retracing 12-year lows for the Dow is an incredibly rare event (see chart below, click to enlarge). “Besides the retest of 1997 lows seen on Monday, this has only happened two other times, on April 8, 1932, and December 6, 1974,” said Lee (via The Big Picture). It is noteworthy that the 12-year low in 1932 was three months before the end of the bear market and the one in 1974 was exactly the low for that bear market.

Barry Ritholtz added: “Hitting a 12-year low is by no means proof the bear market is over. And, two prior examples do not make a sufficient sample. [But] the oversold nature of the market, as well as the virtual straight down drop that brought us here, does present a real possibility of a strong market rally.”

The precipitous stock market declines are reflected in the results of this week’s survey of investor sentiment by the American Association of Individual Investors (AAII), courtesy of Bespoke. Investors are now at their most bearish levels since the start of the survey in 1987 with 70.27% of respondents currently in the bearish camp - a necessary prerequisite for a major market low.

James Montier, strategist of Société Générale, said (via FT Alphaville): “We have long argued that the final stage of the de-bubbling process is revulsion. This phase is characterized by overwhelmingly cheap asset prices. Recent price moves in the UK and European stock markets have taken us to levels that have generally been associated with revulsion. Of course, cheap markets can always get cheaper, but for the long-term investor this may provide an excellent entry point.”

Montier’s preferred valuation measure is the so-called Graham and Dodd price-earnings ratio that pitches the share price against a 10-year moving average of reported earnings. On this basis, the S&P 500 Index is currently trading at 13.6 compared with an average of 18 since 1871 and a typical “bargain basement” level of 10. (Keep in mind that this indicator dropped to 5 in the Great Depression.)

As usual, some interesting thoughts were also contributed by Richard Russell (Dow Theory Letters): “The stock market doesn’t live in a vacuum. This huge decline in less than two years is telling us (me) something. It’s a warning. I think it’s a warning of very hard times to come, maybe as difficult as those times we saw during the Great Depression.
“I know that I stand pretty much alone with this scenario. I don’t think most Americans see or even envision the potential danger ahead. They don’t believe in the ‘truth of the stock market’. Over 60 years of studying the stock market and the economy, I’ve learned to believe the ‘language of the market’.

“I know that great bull markets and great bear markets tend to overrun at the extremes. Let me leave you with one thought - prepare for the extremes. Just as the bull market that ended in 2007 rose to the extremes, I believe this bear market will go to the extremes.”

At this juncture, short-term movements are almost impossible to predict, although the sell-off over the past few days - a capitulation in some respects - could nourish the long-awaited tradeable rally. Also, Lowry’s 90% down-days, like we experienced on Monday and Thursday, are often followed by two- to seven-day bounces. But we are not yet at the point where we leave the defeated bear’s carcass behind, although each downward move brings us closer to the eventual bottom.

For more discussion about the direction of stock markets, also see my recent posts “Video-o-rama: Gloomy investors shun risky trades“, “Technical talk: Bounce not that impressive …“, “Louise Yamada: Don’t ‘venture into the waters’” and “Stock market performance round-up: Nowhere to hide“. (And do make a point of listening to Donald Coxe’s weekly webcast, which can be accessed from the sidebar of the Investment Postcards site.)

Economy
“A pall continues to hang over global business confidence as it has since sentiment collapsed last fall. Confidence remains near a record low,” said the latest Survey of Business Confidence of the World conducted by Moody’s Economy.com. “Most worrisome is the recent collapse in pricing power - a record over one-third of respondents now say they are cutting prices for their goods and services.”

Confidence is uniformly weak across all industries and regions of the globe, as highlighted in a recent Forbes article by Nouriel Roubini (RGE Monitor): “With economic activity contracting in 2009’s first quarter at the same rate as in 2008’s fourth quarter, a nasty U-shaped recession could turn into a more severe L-shaped near-depression (or stag-deflation).

“The scale and speed of synchronized global economic contraction are really unprecedented (at least since the Great Depression), with a free fall of GDP, income, consumption, industrial production, employment, exports, imports, residential investment and, more ominously, capital expenditures around the world. And now many emerging-market economies are on the verge of a fully-fledged financial crisis, starting with emerging Europe.”

The European Central Bank’s growth projections for the Eurozone were significantly lowered from a range of -1.0% / 0.0% to a range of -3.2% / -2.2% for 2009, while for 2010 the range was revised from +0.5% / 1.5% to -0.7% / +0.7%, incorporating the possibility of an extended recession. As a result, the ECB lowered its refinance rate by 50 basis points to 1.50%, bringing its cumulative rate cuts to 275 basis points since mid-October 2008.

In an attempt to restore flagging confidence, the Bank of England also cut its target interest rates by 50 basis points to 0.5% and announced plans to start quantitative easing by printing money to purchase government bonds and other securities with an initial amount of £75 billion.

On a more positive note, China’s manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) strengthened for a third consecutive month in February, climbing to 49.0% from 45.3% the previous month. As discussed in a recent post (”China - better days ahead“) and as shown in the graph below (click to enlarge), China’s improving PMI seems to indicate that the country might have seen the worst of its GDP growth statistics in this cycle. (The Hong Kong PMI is used as a proxy of the Chinese PMI prior to 2004.)

A snapshot of the week’s US economic data is provided below. (Click on the dates to see Northern Trust’s assessment of the various data releases.)

March 6
• February employment report underscores severity of recession

March 5
• Productivity decline reflects GDP revision
• Factory inventories-sales ratio registers new high
• Jobless claims - decline is noteworthy but too early to identify as a turning point

March 3
• Bernanke hints more may be necessary and notes that “premature removal of fiscal stimulus could blunt recovery”
• Auto sales decline once again
• The decline of the Pending Home Sales Index suggests home sales remain under stress

March 2
• Consumer spending gains strength in January, but underlying fundamentals raise questions
• ISM Manufacturing Survey - insignificant gain in February
• Construction spending - non-residential and public components deteriorate more
• Affordability - silver lining of housing sector

Commenting on the payroll employment data, Asha Bangalore (Northern Trust) said the statistics need to be evaluated within the context of the growth of the labor force. “The chart below (click to enlarge) takes into account the growth of the labor force and indicates the extent of job losses in each recession in the post-war period from the peak of payroll employment to the end of a recession. The 3.17% drop in payroll employment in the current recession of 14 months is the largest percentage drop in jobs since the 1957 recession.”

At the same time, Bangalore said there was a silver lining in the housing market that might have been overlooked. As shown in the chart below, (click to enlarge), the Housing Affordability Index of the National Association of Realtors shot up to a record high of 166.8 in January. Also, the Obama administration has made available details of the Homeowner Affordability and Stability Plan, which raises expectations of improvement in the housing market.

Week’s economic reports

Click here for the week’s economy in pictures, courtesy of Jake of EconomPic Data.

Date	Time (ET)	Statistic	For	Actual	Briefing Forecast	Market Expects	Prior
Mar 2	8:30 AM	Personal Income	Jan	0.4%	-0.2%	-0.2%	-0.2%
Mar 2	8:30 AM	Personal Spending	Jan	0.6%	0.4%	0.4%	-1.0%
Mar 2	8:30 AM	Core PCE	Jan	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.0%
Mar 2	10:00 AM	Construction Spending	Jan	-3.3%	-1.6%	-1.5%	-2.4%
Mar 2	10:00 AM	ISM Index	Feb	35.8	33.5	33.8	35.6
Mar 3	10:00 AM	Pending Home Sales	Jan	-7.7%	-3.5%	-3.5%	4.8%
Mar 3	2:00 PM	Auto Sales	Feb	-	NA	NA	NA
Mar 3	2:00 PM	Truck Sales	Feb	-	NA	NA	NA
Mar 4	8:15 AM	ADP Employment Change	Feb	-697K	-580K	-630K	-522K
Mar 4	10:00 AM	ISM Services	Feb	41.6	42.0	41.0	42.9
Mar 4	2:00 PM	Fed Beige Book	-	-	NA	NA	-
Mar 5	8:30 AM	Productivity –Revised	Q4	-0.4%	1.1%	1.0%	3.2%
Mar 5	8:30 AM	Unit Labor Costs	Q4	5.7%	3.4%	3.8%	1.8%
Mar 5	8:30 AM	Initial Claims	02/28	639K	650K	650K	670K

Source: Yahoo Finance, March 6, 2009.

The US economic highlights for the week include the following (click to enlarge):

Source: Northern Trust

Click here for a summary of Wachovia’s weekly economic and financial commentary.

Markets
The performance chart obtained from the Wall Street Journal Online shows how different global markets performed during the past week.

Source: Wall Street Journal Online, March 6, 2009.

“Every man has a right to his opinion, but no man has a right to be wrong in his facts,” said legendary investor Bernard Baruch. Hopefully the “Words from the Wise” reviews will assist Investment Postcards readers to get the facts right, and provide some fodder for formulating sensible opinions. But remember the golden rule: don’t take investment decisions that will keep you from a good night’s sleep.

That’s the way it looks from Cape Town.

Comments

[Prudent Man...:]

Considering that the economy, as well as the markets, were over bloated by the credit mania of the past two decades it is hard for me to see why they could be restored in less than a likewise period. After all, investors who were long were virtually wiped out. I imagine they will be reticent to jump back in the game as is be proven by mutual fund redemptions, reduction of 401(k)s.. They may miss a big move, as usual, but they will be risk adverse.

The world economy is reverting to reality. When it goes below reality, and you see panic buying, unless the Obama continues it Socialism track and increases taxes and makes governmental institutions competitive with tax-paying entities, we could see a buying point. But, there are too many dangerous unknowns at present.

I hope the Baby Boomers, with their over-degreed, under educated schooling, are happy as to what the did to the economy given to them by the "Greatest Generation" and are passing the debt on to their own children and grandchildren.

The biggest mistake Richard Nixon did was remove the Military Draft!

Mar 08 11:48 AM

[Fighting Yoda:]

We have all the Ds in place:

Deleveraging -> Deflation -> Depression -> Doom

It is going much lower, and going to stay there longer

Mar 08 12:46 PM

[Whitehawk:]

The table containing the lows of 1996 for the major indices is very useful. They may be the targets for a bottom for the current market. The farthest to fall would be the DOW, but 5350 is a good number because it assumes some real possible scenarios, as has been pointed out recently by J. Cramer using a bottom-up analysis (GM going bankrupt, JPM going to 5, AA to 2, etc.). The question is whether the S&P and the Russell would go below the concurrent '96 lows, and I think they will if this scenario happens. The Russell tends to lead a downturn in % drop and also lead a recovery in % rise, so I plan to get long the Russell at some point. As I am sure everyone agrees, we'd like to see all this play out sooner rather than later - everyone is waiting for a capitulation day instead of continued shorting and covering on smaller volumes. The VIX is one indicator for when this will happen, and it isn't there yet.

If there is a scenario for a huge market rally without capitulation from here I'd like to hear it.

Mar 08 01:45 PM

[Whitehawk:]

One more thing: the housing affordability index from NAR is comic relief. The lie factor to get business smacks of the used car salesman approach.

Prices are still high in many markets.

Mar 08 01:56 PM

[prudentinve...:]

Technical indicators may point to a rally, but I suspect market participants are beginning to put more credence in economic fundamentals, and less in market technicals.

Both global and domestic economic fundamentals are dire, and governments around the world are thrashing, ignorantly, irresponsibly, and wildly at the problems, and it is unclear if they are not just making them worse.

Equities appear to be reasonably valued at present, for the first time since the bubbles began in the mid-90's, but the economic fundamentals do not present an environment which fosters a sustainable rally.

Mar 08 03:11 PM

[LaughingTrader:]

"I hope the Baby Boomers, with their over-degreed, under educated schooling, are happy as to what the did to the economy given to them by the "Greatest Generation"

It always amazes me when I see this sort of "generation-bashing". Here's something to think about ... what is the most important thing any generation does? I submit that would be to raise the next generation. Now, if the boomers are as bad as everyone likes to claim, whose fault would that be? Hmmm, that would be "the greatest generation"! Say it isn't so!

Mar 08 03:46 PM

[Jim Hawthorne:]

Yet another excellent article! Thank you!
As the commenters above note, all the ducks have to be in a row before we will see any sustainable rally: Technical indicators, fundamental indicators, available capital, investor sentiment, confidence in leadership and optimism for future gains are but some of these.

While it is true that valuations do appear to be more realistic than was the case a year ago (when we did experience a substantial rally), I think many of the other indicators (with the exception of side-lined cash) have actually fallen... But that's largely a subjective viewpoint.

Until we have more of a base, then we will still be stuck in this trader's market, with violent shifts in both directions.

It looks to me as if fear is still trumping greed by a wide margin.

Mar 08 03:49 PM

[LaughingTrader:]

"I hope the Baby Boomers, with their over-degreed, under educated schooling, are happy as to what the did to the economy given to them by the "Greatest Generation"

Let's talk about "the economy given to them" for a short moment...

Thanks for the IRS, established in 1950. Appreciate it.

Thanks for the AMT, passed in the 60's, to catch those dastardly tax scoflaws of your generation, but which now ensnares a very large percentage of today's taxpayers, including much of the middle class.

Thanks for the massively under-capitalized social security system. And thanks for "getting yours" in amounts grossly greater than how much you put in. Oh, and thanks for making it a "trust fund" so future generations wouldn't be paying in, just so you could get your checks. That was brilliant and we really appreciate that!

Thanks for employer-payed health insurance. That little gem is working our really nicely!

Oh, and thanks for that nice stable Middle East you gave us. That continues to pay big dividends for the economy.

Look, every generation does the best it can, often with challenging circumstances. The world (and economy) passed on to the boomers by the "greatest generation" was deeply flawed. Yes, the GG accomplished some great and amazing things, but they were no more the "greatest" than the boomers are the "worst". We are all just trying to make a better world for the next generation.

LT

Mar 08 04:00 PM

[Mad Hedge F...:]

Things certainly look tough. To say the market has gone mad is an understatement. The Dow has lost 24% since January 1, giving up $2.6 trillion in value. Other than that Mrs. Lincoln, how was the play? Credit default swap risk premiums now tell you that it is much riskier to invest in Warren Buffet’s Berkshire Hathaway (BRK/A) than Vietnam, and that Russia is a safer bet than General Electric (GE). The Dow is headed for the 4,000, according to ultra bear Felix Zulauf of Zulauf Asset Management in Zug, Switzerland. The rock star fund manager believes that we entered a 10-15 year bear market in 2000. He argues that analysts are smoking something with S&P consensus earnings forecasts at $60, down from $100 a year ago, and that the real number will come in at zero to $40. We may see one more bear market rally to 9,000 in the next few months led by financials, mining stocks, and consumer discretionaries. After that the Dow will drop by half. Day traders only need apply.

Mar 08 04:54 PM

[Dave Wrixon:]

It all to do with corporate earnings. The market is dropping because corporate earnings are evaporating. Normally, the market would drop in anticipation of this but frankly guys like yourself were blind to the problem and therefore the market is reacting rather than anticipating.

With recent experience you can expect investors to remain cautious and distrustful of the advice being given to them. This market will only recover when there is credible evidence that there is going to be a recovery in earnings. Where is your analysis of which companies are going to recover and why, and by how much and how long will it take?

China and Eastern Europe are totally different kettles of fish. Economic fundamentals are sound and there are huge pools of potentially credit worthy borrowers that have never had access to investment capital. When the banks get their heads out of their arses this is where they will start to lend. Lending in these market and Russia, India and the Middle East is potentially much more attractive that trying save a load of drowning creditors in the US. When the also see where the real currency risk is they will want to hedge out of the dollar to protect their capital on a World stage. Not only that you have to realize that in Global Terms the capitalization of American banks will have shrunk a very great deal. The influence of American influence on global growth patterns is going to be much diminished.

Mar 09 02:14 AM

[daveog:]

Thanks for the great report! Please do keep posting such detailed analysis...

Mar 09 12:09 PM