Seeking Alpha
About this author:

An interesting slideshow on CNBC.com listing the largest gold reserves by country (or institution). What makes this list even more interesting is aside from the raw value of gold, we also can see how prominent gold is as a percentage of total foreign reserves. This can show not only the discrepancy amongst countries, but if central banks decide to further diversify into gold - how much potential demand there could be to move from say a mid single digit percentage of the yellow metal, to something in say the 20-30% range.

What is striking is how large a proportion of European countries' foreign reserves are in gold (Portugal!), whereas Asians have yet to really make their mark. There was a huge fuss earlier this year when China revealed it had been buying quietly in the background to move up this list, but as a percentage of reserves the amount is still tiny. [Apr 25, 2009: China has Begun Building Gold Reserves] Unfortunately for China, it is very hard for them to make good-sized acquisitions without alerting the entire world, since their footprint is so massive.

I've compiled the data in chart form below, but first, two notes

#1 Of course America does not believe in foreign reserves - so the last column is a big fat "Not Applicable". Far better to spend over your means indefinitely than to have national savings; let the rest of the world save for us.... we excel at the spending part.

#2 The SPDR Gold ETF (GLD) has now grown to such a size that if it were a stand alone country it would now be the 6th largest holder of gold in the world. That's remarkable. Even more remarkable, 1 man - hedge fund manager John Paulson - owns nearly 10% of this gold ETF. [May 16, 2009: John Paulson Continues to Pile into SPDR Gold (GLD)] By the transitive theory, this would make John Paulson, if he was a stand alone country, somewhere in the 16- 20th largest holder of gold.

*************************************

Top 15 $ Value of % of
Country Reserves Reserves
United States $298.4 N/A
Germany $125.0 69.2%
International Monetary Fund $118.0 N/A
Italy $89.9 66.6%
France $89.7 70.6%
China $38.7 1.9%
Switzerland $38.2 29.1%
Japan $28.1 2.3%
Netherlands $22.5 59.6%
Russia $20.9 4.3%
European Central Bank $18.4 18.8%
Taiwan $15.5 3.9%
Portugal $14.0 90.9%
India $13.1 4.0%
Venezuela $13.1 36.1%


Print this article with comments

This article has 21 comments:

  •  
    Which of these numbers are actually audited? When were the U.S. gold holdings ever audited? Has GLD been audited? If so, then please provide a link. Many people have raised doubts about GLD, and whether they really just have "paper" gold. If anyone has any "official" response, please post here.
    Oct 13 08:05 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Governments can pay for security to guard the bullion. So how does GLD guard its bullion?
    Oct 13 09:49 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    John Paulson's bet is looking good. What's going on now in the price of gold is a slow-motion short squeeze--with lots of shorts still looking to get out. (The shorts are the "bullion banks"--the usual suspects--who have made lots of money over the years betting against the gold bugs by viewing gold as more of a commodity than a currency, and by using the size of their bets to trip off the stop-loss orders of the bulls. They grew complacent and arrogant in their success. But now, finally, the swan has come home to roost.)
    Oct 14 02:50 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    I read somewhere that China produces large amounts of gold in its domestic mines. If this is true, then obviously it can add to reserves without making any ripples on the world market.
    Oct 14 04:42 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Previous articles have pointed out thru clever book keeping many gold transactions are shown as being on hand on a sellers balance sheet as well as on a buyers. Also the gold funds have options trading which allows people to buy and sell huge sums of gold without ever having a single ounce. Its loose trading rules like this that got AIG into the mess they are in and its only a matter of time until the PAPER GOLD market causes its tsunami. I'm still a small part of the GLD fund but have slowly begun converting to actual gold to cover my butt when the paper tiger is torn to shreds.
    Oct 14 06:50 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    China produces about 10M oz/year, or less than 1/100 th of an ounce per citizen. If their central bank wants to grow reserves substantially they'd have to wait 25 years to reach equality with U.S. reserves while allowing no sales in their own market.

    With $2 trillion in the till they're buying foreign stuff before the $2 trillion goes "poof".


    On Oct 14 04:42 AM Alan Young wrote:

    > I read somewhere that China produces large amounts of gold in its
    > domestic mines. If this is true, then obviously it can add to reserves
    > without making any ripples on the world market.
    Oct 14 07:01 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    There are still many rumors floating around that GLD doesn't own all the gold that it claims. They hold the paper shares waiting on a dip in prices to buy the physical metal. The SEC needs to investigate this and get to the matter quickly.
    Oct 14 08:03 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    well, hey, why would we for a second, actually doubt anyone or any organization in the investment world??????
    Oct 14 08:16 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    In what year that list was made? date please!
    Where are the rest of the countries?
    Is Canada still have less gold reserve then Bangladesh (one of the poorest country in the world)?
    On that list what was the rank of those countries compare to the past list?
    Oct 14 08:36 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Look at the percentages for China, Russia and India, 1.9, 4.3 and 4.0. Then look at the percentages for the Europe and the USA.

    I don't think that imbalance is healthy...
    Oct 14 08:36 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    The same can be said about Fort Knox. America is just one giant ponzi scheme. Just don't be the last one out the door.

    Long....Physical Gold & Silver


    On Oct 13 08:05 PM Barry Robbins wrote:

    > Which of these numbers are actually audited? When were the U.S.
    > gold holdings ever audited? Has GLD been audited? If so, then please
    > provide a link. Many people have raised doubts about GLD, and whether
    > they really just have "paper" gold. If anyone has any "official"
    > response, please post here.
    Oct 14 08:50 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    There are a lot of new gold "player" in the market. Several new ETF's and the talk of a middle east currency. It seems that the shorts have no option but to cover at huge losses eventually. I would have thought it would happened sooner than later but this game continues. Don't forget Russia is also buying gold and they have commodities to sell to finance that purchase.

    IMF gold will be bought as soon as it hits the market, if it hits the market. It might be bought in a back room deal and never see the market or it could just be all talk as so often has been the case. In any case the mere mention of its sell did not effect the market this time to save the shorts.

    I would think the shorts are close to being played out. The day they start covering is the week gold hits $2,000.

    I would hate to be the last one to cover.
    Oct 14 08:50 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    China thinks and plans long term,long term in the U.S.is the next election.


    On Oct 14 07:01 AM Vuke wrote:

    > China produces about 10M oz/year, or less than 1/100 th of an ounce
    > per citizen. If their central bank wants to grow reserves substantially
    > they'd have to wait 25 years to reach equality with U.S. reserves
    > while allowing no sales in their own market.
    >
    > With $2 trillion in the till they're buying foreign stuff before
    > the $2 trillion goes "poof".
    Oct 14 09:03 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    China's industrial demand for gold is higher than its total production, and it will continue importing gold for that purpose if for no other.

    One thing NOT being studied in this article is the official drive in China to encourage its citizens to buy and hold gold - I have heard that the workers can buy gold at any post office, for instance. Given the individual Chinese citizens' penchant for squirreling away savings, this could be a very large amount.

    India is another nation that, like China, might have a small percentage of their national reserves in gold, but whose citizens collectively hold enormous amounts (in this case, as a cultural choice). Many muslim nations share this cultural attachment to gold.
    Oct 14 10:10 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    At one time Switzerland's franc was 100% Gold backed. Does anyone know if it still is? If so, what is the significance of the Swiss data in the table display?
    Oct 14 12:26 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    ok, take the US gold reserves and then take the total number of U.S. dollars out there and tell me what the prize of 1 ounce of gold would need to be in order to back all U.S. dollars by gold. after you do this, i'd bet an ounce of gold you go out and buy some...
    Oct 14 01:32 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Who is John Galt???


    On Oct 14 08:36 AM John Galt wrote:

    > Look at the percentages for China, Russia and India, 1.9, 4.3 and
    > 4.0. Then look at the percentages for the Europe and the USA. <br/>
    >
    > I don't think that imbalance is healthy...
    Oct 14 02:19 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Sacrafice!!!!! We must all sacrifice for the common good!!!BS
    Oct 14 02:21 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    SEC needs to investigate GLD suggests "TripleG" above. SEC is so ineffective on all other "investigations, regulations and rules", why waste more taxpayer money. SEC has gallons of whitewash yet to use on any/all future "investigations.
    Oct 14 06:17 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    David Fry on 9/26/09 wrote in respect to the US gold reserves, "it's
    said the US has leased-out much of its gold reserves".
    AS the Fed and Treasury are no longer providing gold reserves data and haven't for some time, does this come as any surprise?
    Government has yet to prove its worthiness or trust of the people and under the present ruling politicians, the lights have become dimmer.
    Oct 14 06:23 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    I believe I read somewhere that "gold equivalents" are officially reported as gold owned by the US. I am not sure what "gold equivalents" includes, but I assume it means such things as gold which has been "leased" to bullion banks, etc. Maybe someone can enlighten me. Before I retired about 20 years ago, I was active in politics. In politics a person must do favors for those who support him. So, I have considerable doubts that you would find much physical gold in Fort Knox that The US actually owns. Hence, an audit could cause considerable embarrassment in Washington.
    Oct 14 11:57 PM | Link | Reply