First Solar Earnings: Eight Points About the Solar Industry 22 comments
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First Solar's (FSLR) earnings report has hit the Street, and with it, the buzz and the volume has been cranked up on its ramifications for not just First Solar, but Solar and Renewable Energy as a viable industry. I wanted to bring some "boots-on-the-ground" perspective to the conversation, and hopefully both add some insight into the discourse, as well as debunk some truths being espoused as absolutes.
First, let's address First Solar:
1. Market Reaction to the Q3 Earnings Release - The stock plunge after the Q3 earnings release is simply common knee-jerk reaction to headlines in a real-time world. It's common, and frankly if I held a substantial position in First Solar, would inspire not much more than a yawn. Earnings and revenue are up substantially. The sell-off was due to First Solar not being able to recognize revenue attributable to a specific project until Q4. (Note: In a balance-sheet world, I would be up someone's tail if I were the CEO, a gifted CFO always ensures you don't miss earnings based on revenue recognition GAAP rules - I'm not saying I would pursue something illegal, quite the opposite, there are times GAAP simply doesn't reflect the true fiscal situation of a corporation, ESPECIALLY a fast-growing technology firm.) When examined, the project is absolutely solid, and First Solar will have to post the revenue in Q4. Nothing we tech sector veterans have not seen a million times.
2. Company Performance and Trends - Late Wednesday, the company reported a 55 percent leap in third-quarter earnings on a 38 percent increase in revenue. But sales of $480.9 million missed the average analyst estimate of $528.8 million, as measured by a Thomson Reuters survey. This is a timing issue based on revenue recognition, not a revelation of weakness within the company or the solar sector. "This is truly a timing issue," Chairman Mike Ahearn said on a conference call with analysts. "That project has been sold, the contract wasn't signed until early in the fourth quarter. We remain on track for annual guidance." First Solar has some fantastic fundamentals in a sector that is prime to explode for the macro-reasons I list later in this posting. Bottom line: First Solar should remain the low-cost industry leader for the foreseeable future and will likely gain share value in large-scale projects.
3. Market Penetration - If First Solar navigates current conditions effectively, they will still have tremendous upside with their first-to-market (FTM) leadership position in residential rooftop installations in the U.S. - in technology sectors, never discount the critical FTM factor. Many inferior models have thrived simply based on this factor alone.
Second, let's quickly take a look at the solar industry from cruise altitude, so we can factor industry trends into any analysis of solar-related investments:
1. The Truth About Germany - German feed-in tariffs and other incentives indeed spurred the acceleration of solar energy projects in that nation, and they have a large number of roof-installed solar systems. Critics are always so fast to glance at a number or article and then convey them not as opinions, but as absolutes. But I suggest to be sure you must do your due-diligence. Germany has horrid solar generation conditions, averaging only four sun-hours per day. So yes, it is not going to displace other traditional forms of energy generation. But be careful to state it has failed, because that was never the point. Germany made a strategic move in investing a lot of capital in solar energy generation - to attain industry leadership. Germany now possesses the intellectual property and the manufacturing and export capacity that is expected to make it one of the three dominant global players in an industry that will be worth tens of billion dollars a year. Even today, it already has over 50,000 employees in the solar industry.
2. Rooftop Solar Energy Generation Systems - I continually hear, "We are not going to make any dent with only rooftop installments. We will only displace a couple of coal power plants, at best." I have irrefutable evidence to the opposite - I personally have dozens of rooftop installation projects I can share with anyone, anytime, that have eliminated a homeowner's entire energy bill. These installations were in Arizona and California, primarily in desert regions, where averages of 7-8 sun-hours per day are common. So to take the above often-repeated statement-of-fact further, indeed if we extrapolated that on a much larger scale, and there are several hundred thousand homes in the Phoenix metro area with rooftop installations that are 100% offsetting their energy bills, we can displace more than a "couple of coal power plants at best." So that is indeed not an absolute fact - it's actually very much incorrect.
3. End-User Return-on-Investment - As far as overall return-on-investment, we have a program in place with realtors and have executed several successful case studies in Phoenix and Palm Springs that are clear in showing it has a significant ROI on a homeowners capital investment - better returns than most places you could deploy that capital in this economy. When you combine government subsidies that help offset a significant portion of the homeowners out-of-pocket up-front costs with the lift on property values in this real estate market (with 20-year warranties on the balance-of-systems, you are selling a home that does not have an electricity bill attached to it - a powerful hedge against future energy and inflation cost increases), the resultant ROI is powerfully conclusive in these markets that residential solar installations are absolutely viable.
4. Long-Term Outlook for Solar - The longer-term outlook is cloudier, but trends positive. Government funding, as well as funding from the private sector, has been flowing strong into the solar industry. That is a leading indicator - "follow the flow,", as we say in Silicon Valley. But that isn't sustainable long-term - the key metric to follow is the LCOE (Levelized Cost-of-Energy), or LEC (Levelized Energy Cost), two different names for the exact same thing. It is an economic assessment of the cost the energy-generating system including all the costs over its lifetime: initial investment, operations and maintenance, cost of fuel, cost of capital. A net present value calculation is performed and solved in such a way that for the value of the LEC chosen, the project's net present value becomes zero. Typically LECs are calculated over 20 year lifetimes, and are given in the units of currency per kilowatt-hour, for example USD/kWh or EUR/kWh or per megawatt-hour. Solar's LEC must come down to the level of other, traditional energy generation sources for it to truly gain critical mass and the accelerated investment and deployment that comes with it.
5. The Green Culture Cannot be Discounted - Another powerful force isn't a quantifiable metric but must be factored when forecasting the solar industry, which is the cultural and societal push to renewable Energy, both domestic and internationally. The United States has been effectively put in the position of either taking over the leadership of the GreenTech sector, and the climate debate, as only the U.S. can do, or find ourselves behind Europe and Asia in a technology sector absolutely critical to the economy. And effectively there is no choice - whether you believe in global warming or Renewable Energy, we are jumping on the train because we must.
6. The Smart Grid Impact - The Smart Grid's evolution and the corresponding innovations will have a dramatic effect on Solar's LEC. The Smart Grid is in its infancy, so we will see its impact on Renewable Energy sources and their net efficiencies over the next 5-10 years start to be realized. I cannot stress enough how critical a factor the Smart Grid will have on the entire energy industry, and the result of its impact simply cannot be forecasted yet - by the Smart Grid's very nature, there are too many variables to accurately analyze and draw a clear conclusion.
7. Solar Component Oversupply Issue - The oversupply of solar panel units does indeed have an impact on First Solar, but it is a net-positive for the industry as a whole for obvious reasons. Case-in-point, China's Solar production capacity has increased substantially (both qualitative and quantitative, I have seen impressive bench test results from very low costs panels as compared to expensive established brands, and the build quality is impressive), and the impact of a downward pressure of solar panel components will continue to effect LEC in a positive manner for the solar industry as a whole.
8. The Federal Government Impact - Finally, at least in the near-term, we have an Administration and Congressional body that, right, wrong or indifferent, is dedicated to continue investment substantial sums into the GreenTech industry, solar very much included. And the investment is coming both directly and in the form of subsidies and tax-credits. It's stunningly substantial when I can eliminate 75% of a homeowner's out-of-pocket initial costs of a rooftop solar energy system. That cannot be discounted, again in the near-term.
Just some insights to consider when you look at the solar landscape from a macro-level. I hope it is helpful!
Disclosure: No holdings in any of the companies referenced in this article.
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The author of the article makes some good points but is all over the map.
On Nov 01 09:51 AM Solar Guy wrote:
> Troy,
>
> You make some excellent points, except your LEC math is inaccurate
> on point number 4.
>
> As a complimentary service, we provide all our customers a 30-year
> system life analysis to determine their IRR, Net Present Value, and
> Payback Period on their solar systems. Almost all of the solar panel
> manufacturers now offer a 25-year warranty and the panels will actually
> perform for 30+ years. So the LEC analysis should be based on 30
> years lifetime, not 20 years as you stated.
>
> Reference your final comment - "Solar's LEC must come down to the
> level of other, traditional energy generation sources for it to truly
> gain critical mass and the accelerated investment and deployment
> that comes with it." On every analysis I've provided to our customers
> here in Northwest Florida, the fixed solar rate equivalent cost for
> 30 years has been in the $0.03 - $0.08 / kWh range based on the size
> of the system versus the local utility provider's grid-based rate
> of $0.15 / kWh. In reality, we're already at or below "grid parity".
>
>
> Even if you take away the current subsidies and tax credits for the
> unsubsidized, TRUE cost of energy from all energy sources (solar
> versus coal, natural gas, and nuclear) in the US, decentralized electricity
> generation from solar panels on a rooftop with no associated grid
> transmission costs or non-competing, utility company monopoly dependence
> is still much less expensive for the next 30 years.
I agree 20 yr is a far better measure for costs but the chances of utility costs going down are very slim. Facts are fossil fuels are going up fast while PV, other RE is dropping just as fast.
If FS can get their panels out at $1.50/wt they will take over the by far larger home, building rooftop market. This market world or US wide is 5x's the solar farm market. In fact because homeowners have no land, transmission line, overhead or stockholder costs and generally pay 2x's what utilities pay, they are 2-3x's as cost effective as a solar farm with as much shorter payback.
Already retail has hit $2.38/wt for panels and once they are under $2/wt in a plug and play package of panels, inverter and mounting for under $3/wt, the market just in the US is around $60B for homeowner units. The one doing this first will be a big winner.
Don't forget solar happens in most places during peak demand so far more valuable that constant power, unlike many have tried to say. Storage is only $100/kw and using it and the solar for on peak power either for use or better, selling it and buying off peak from the grid for the rest and charging the batteries, one can make a nice profit from Solar in under 4 yrs payback with almost pure profit for 20+ yrs after that.
So yes solar PV can be a great source of energy, cheaper than coal. And as the price of electric rises as it will, it just gets better. A better investment than many on the stock market might.
2. Company Performance and Trends - integration of the downstream has led to this uncertainty and it will only get worse because they are pursuing big Bechtel like projects instead of small distributed generation projects. Not a criticism but this will keep happening
3. Market Penetration - Now that crystalline panels have fallen so far in price, FSLR's penetration into rooftops markets will be much slower.
1. The Truth About Germany - [The German government is taking steps to prevent much future growth because it is costing them way too much. They will stay at maybe 2,000 MWs per year, but not go up to 5,000 MWs per year as they could because of what you say and they simply don't need that much incremental electricity]
2. Rooftop Solar Energy Generation Systems - [I couldn't agree with you more. I wouldn't worry about it too much. It will take over 10 years to solve our transmission woes and in that time people will be force to look for distributed solutions such as solar, cogen, smart grid etc]
3. End-User Return-on-Investment - [The refundable 30% tax credit is the big deal here. Today, doctors and lawyers can avoid the active/passive rules now because of this. investment in distributed solar (less than 50kW) by private citizens will skyrocket in 2010]
4. Long-Term Outlook for Solar - [Here you are right about solar and wrong about LCOE. LCOE is causing high cost coal and nuclear to win over the lowest system cost solutions like DG, smart grid, ice storage, and energy efficiency. This will change next year as States in the US and globally are tired of solutions that say they have low LCOE but then suddenly require a 9% rate increase to pay for them. The DG, smart grid, energy efficiency, and storage solution only requires a 1% rate increase to keep the grid reliable. 1/9th the price even with a higher LCOE on a per unit basis will win every time]
5. The Green Culture Cannot be Discounted - [This is crap and the longer we perpetuate it the worse off we will be. Solar is winning because it is the only thing that building owners can do on a consistent basis to tell the utility companies to screw off. People hate the 5% per year rate increases since 2000 and are not going to take it anymore]
6. The Smart Grid Impact - [Solar will pull smart grid along as it has solar hot water heating, energy efficiency, and other programs]
7. Solar Component Oversupply Issue - [Absolutely, prices will stay low, going lower for another 18 months, this recent uptick this month is temporary and will go away in 30 days]
8. The Federal Government Impact - [Agree, but their messing with the private markets on project finance will cause problems for the renewables industry in 2011]
We have a proprietary model that builds in the economic assumptions, discount rate, annual escalation rate, etc. that we're constantly updating. Since September 1, 2008, our two local utility companies rates have increased 20.3% and 30% respectively in NW Florida. You can throw out all the historical data on annual rate increases in the pre-carbon tax and pre-grid upgrade era. Just wait until 2010 - consumers and businesses are about to get hammered with all these pass-through costs for grid-based electricity in the next year, making distributed solar energy on the rooftop an even more compelling value proposition.
It's actually irrelevant how many years a person stays in the home as it's the LEC of the energy producing system that you're analyzing. The increased value of the home with renewable energy and a lower utility bill is passed on to the next homeowner. People don't live in their homes for 30 years, but they budget for them that way typically with 30-year fixed mortgages. Why? Lower monthly payment.
I believe that the current 'street' belief that Solar does save the typical homeowner $, and can not believe a 4 'year payback' without seeing your $'s.
But I really do want to believe, and would appreciate seeing details on a financial analysis. They will help me in convincing my better half to take the plung. I am interesting in installing a rooftop system on my house, but need all the assistance I can get in putting together a cost benefit analysis to show that this is not a boondoggle. I would like to be on the leading edge of what I see as a huge future market. Any advice on inputs to my cash flow model to show the true costs and benefits?
On Nov 01 11:33 AM jerrydd wrote:
>
> I agree 20 yr is a far better measure for costs but the chances of
> utility costs going down are very slim. Facts are fossil fuels are
> going up fast while PV, other RE is dropping just as fast.
>
> If FS can get their panels out at $1.50/wt they will take over the
> by far larger home, building rooftop market. This market world or
> US wide is 5x's the solar farm market. In fact because homeowners
> have no land, transmission line, overhead or stockholder costs and
> generally pay 2x's what utilities pay, they are 2-3x's as cost effective
> as a solar farm with as much shorter payback.
>
> Already retail has hit $2.38/wt for panels and once they are under
> $2/wt in a plug and play package of panels, inverter and mounting
> for under $3/wt, the market just in the US is around $60B for homeowner
> units. The one doing this first will be a big winner.
>
> Don't forget solar happens in most places during peak demand so far
> more valuable that constant power, unlike many have tried to say.
> Storage is only $100/kw and using it and the solar for on peak power
> either for use or better, selling it and buying off peak from the
> grid for the rest and charging the batteries, one can make a nice
> profit from Solar in under 4 yrs payback with almost pure profit
> for 20+ yrs after that.
>
> So yes solar PV can be a great source of energy, cheaper than coal.
> And as the price of electric rises as it will, it just gets better.
> A better investment than many on the stock market might.