In today's low-interest-rate environment, investment-grade corporate bonds and government bonds offer very low yields. Investors seeking additional income in today's markets are tempted to purchase high yield debt and dividend-yielding stocks. Fixed income investors should realize that there is nothing for free, and that there are risks associated with higher returns. Investors should attempt to understand and weigh the risks of their holdings.
Fortunately, there are credit scoring systems that classify stocks into different risk classes according to quantitative measures. One predictive measure of bankruptcy for non-financial companies is the Altman Z-Score. This score places companies into three groups: "safe" (Z-score > 2.99), "grey" (Z-score between 2.99 and 1.81), and "distressed*" (Z-score < 1.81). This metric is surprisingly useful for identifying bankruptcy risk in the coming year. Altman's method of segmenting companies uses fundamental (financial statement) data and market capitalization only.** Beyond credit risk prediction, companies with higher Z-scores have been shown to outperform companies with lower Z-scores, in aggregate.
The Altman Z-score was recently calculated for hundreds of non-financial companies and combined with other financial metrics to find stocks with attractive dividend prospects. Several criteria were used:
- The stock's dividend payout ratio must be below 60%. This is used as a quick and dirty measure of short-term dividend stability.
- Each stock must have positive earnings per share growth over the last five years and is expected by analysts to have positive earnings per share growth over the next five years. This criterion is a metric of long-term dividend growth.
- Yields are in excess of 2.5% select for dividend stocks with yields in excess of the 10-year treasury which currently yields about 2.3%.
- Each stock scored in the "safe" zone according to the Altman Z-score.
- The geometric average of return on equity over the past 10 fiscal years was positive.
Companies which met these criteria are presented below:
Ticker | Company | Div Yield | Payout Ratio | Altman Z-score | 10-Year Average ROE | P/E |
Amcol International Corp. | 2.52% | 0.38 | 3.62 | 12.9% | 15.4 | |
Analog Devices Inc. | 3.02% | 0.37 | 7.83 | 16.3% | 15.6 | |
Autoliv, Inc. | 2.73% | 0.25 | 3.38 | 21.7% | 10.4 | |
Applied Materials Inc. | 2.81% | 0.27 | 5.27 | 11.4% | 11.1 | |
Air Products & Chemicals Inc. | 2.53% | 0.41 | 3.40 | 16.4% | 16.6 | |
Atlas Pipeline Partners LP | 5.94% | 0.38 | 3.14 | 4.2% | 7.2 | |
Alliance Resource Partners LP | 5.94% | 0.45 | 3.49 | 55.5% | 8.2 | |
American Science & Engineering | 2.85% | 0.43 | 8.14 | 7.2% | 21.8 | |
Best Buy Co. Inc. | 2.51% | 0.21 | 3.28 | 21.3% | 9.0 | |
Bemis Company, Inc. | 3.15% | 0.57 | 3.12 | 13.2% | 18.5 | |
Bob Evans Farms Inc. | 2.63% | 0.39 | 4.54 | 9.0% | 16.5 | |
Broadridge Financial Solutions | 2.62% | 0.45 | 3.75 | 13.5% | 18.1 | |
ConAgra Foods, Inc. | 3.63% | 0.52 | 3.17 | 16.6% | 14.6 | |
Cato Corp. | 3.27% | 0.37 | 6.53 | 16.9% | 13.2 | |
Colgate-Palmolive Co. | 2.62% | 0.45 | 6.72 | 160.6% | 19.2 | |
Compass Minerals International Inc. | 2.77% | 0.41 | 4.00 | 39.5% | 16.1 | |
Comtech Telecommunications | 3.37% | 0.54 | 3.67 | 13.9% | 20.0 | |
Campbell Soup Co. | 3.54% | 0.50 | 4.69 | 86.1% | 14.1 | |
Crown Crafts Inc. | 3.86% | 0.26 | 5.40 | 5.7% | 8.5 | |
Cooper Tire & Rubber Co. | 2.55% | 0.10 | 3.20 | 3.5% | 4.1 | |
Chevron Corporation | 2.94% | 0.23 | 4.57 | 20.2% | 8.2 | |
Diebold, Incorporated | 2.95% | 0.51 | 3.27 | 7.7% | 17.1 | |
Destination Maternity Corp. | 3.78% | 0.46 | 5.19 | 2.7% | 12.2 | |
Darden Restaurants, Inc. | 3.28% | 0.45 | 3.13 | 23.1% | 16.1 | |
Ennis Inc. | 3.75% | 0.43 | 4.60 | 11.0% | 11.3 | |
Emerson Electric Co. | 3.06% | 0.46 | 4.42 | 19.9% | 16.8 | |
GameStop Corp. | 2.55% | 0.00 | 3.49 | 13.1% | 8.6 | |
Genuine Parts Company | 3.15% | 0.50 | 5.89 | 14.8% | 17.6 | |
Hasbro Inc. | 4.06% | 0.41 | 3.97 | 13.2% | 12.4 | |
H&R Block, Inc. | 4.73% | 0.48 | 3.17 | 19.1% | 12.7 | |
Hershey Co. | 2.53% | 0.48 | 6.11 | 48.3% | 22.0 | |
Intel Corporation | 3.03% | 0.31 | 5.70 | 14.9% | 11.6 | |
Intersections Inc. | 6.29% | 0.55 | 5.14 | 4.5% | 11.9 | |
j2 Global, Inc. | 2.79% | 0.17 | 10.78 | 22.1% | 12.5 | |
Kellogg Company | 3.27% | 0.49 | 3.47 | 56.3% | 15.6 | |
KLA-Tencor Corporation | 2.69% | 0.26 | 5.76 | 9.5% | 11.7 | |
The Coca-Cola Company | 2.91% | 0.50 | 4.13 | 32.1% | 19.0 | |
Koppers Holdings Inc. | 2.57% | 0.49 | 3.79 | 10.4% | 21.1 | |
Kohl's Corp. | 2.54% | 0.23 | 3.83 | 16.6% | 11.5 | |
Quaker Chemical Corporation | 2.51% | 0.42 | 3.76 | 11.2% | 11.5 | |
Linear Technology Corp. | 2.96% | 0.44 | 6.25 | 27.0% | 15.9 | |
Mattel Inc. | 3.75% | 0.42 | 5.20 | 21.8% | 15.0 | |
McDonald's Corp. | 2.87% | 0.47 | 6.32 | 20.9% | 18.5 | |
3M Co. | 2.64% | 0.36 | 5.40 | 31.8% | 15.1 | |
Mine Safety Appliances Co. | 2.56% | 0.55 | 3.54 | 15.7% | 21.7 | |
Maxim Integrated Products Inc. | 3.07% | 0.52 | 7.58 | 13.1% | 17.9 | |
Nash Finch Co. | 2.51% | 0.24 | 5.60 | 8.5% | 10.5 | |
National Healthcare Corp. | 2.62% | 0.29 | 3.46 | 13.8% | 11.3 | |
National Research Corp. | 2.57% | 0.53 | 5.28 | 15.7% | 24.0 | |
Owens & Minor Inc. | 2.92% | 0.45 | 6.69 | 13.5% | 16.7 | |
Pepsico, Inc. | 3.20% | 0.50 | 3.19 | 34.8% | 16.0 | |
Procter & Gamble Co. | 3.12% | 0.58 | 3.28 | 27.3% | 19.8 | |
Packaging Corp. of America | 3.37% | 0.51 | 3.25 | 14.6% | 18.8 | |
Philip Morris International, Inc. | 3.59% | 0.58 | 6.68 | 43.2% | 17.7 | |
Pioneer Southwest Energy | 7.82% | 0.55 | 6.16 | 28.4% | 7.0 | |
A. Schulman, Inc. | 2.54% | 0.43 | 3.98 | 6.2% | 18.1 | |
Sonoco Products Co. | 3.42% | 0.53 | 3.53 | 14.0% | 15.9 | |
Staples, Inc. | 2.68% | 0.28 | 4.19 | 16.4% | 11.7 | |
Strayer Education Inc. | 3.99% | 0.46 | 9.38 | 53.2% | 11.4 | |
Sysco Corp. | 3.64% | 0.54 | 6.89 | 32.6% | 15.2 | |
TESSCO Technologies Inc. | 2.95% | 0.27 | 5.74 | 9.5% | 11.3 | |
Walgreen Co. | 2.63% | 0.27 | 5.74 | 17.5% | 11.6 | |
WD-40 Company | 2.63% | 0.52 | 7.05 | 22.0% | 21.8 | |
Wal-Mart Stores Inc. | 2.61% | 0.32 | 4.10 | 21.3% | 13.4 | |
Wayside Technology Group | 4.49% | 0.54 | 5.81 | 10.3% | 11.9 |
There are several large cap stocks in this list which trade at attractive price multiples. Chevron (CVX) recently traded near $110 per share, making CVX shares trade at a price-to-book ratio of 1.8, a price-to-earnings multiple of 8.2, and a price-to-sales multiple of 0.9 (trailing twelve months). Similarly attractive, Intel Corporation (INTC) recently traded near $28 per share. At this price level, shares of this large cap stock trade at a price-to-book ratio of 3.0, a price-to-earnings multiple of 11.6, and a price-to-sales multiple of 2.6 (trailing twelve months). Another large cap dividend company from this list which trades at attractive valuations is Wal-Mart Stores (WMT). At $61 per share, WMT shares trade at a price-to-book ratio of 2.9, a price-to-earnings multiple of 13.4, and a price-to-sales multiple of 0.5 (trailing twelve months).
The firms on this list offer attractive dividend yields and have a low probability of bankruptcy. Thus, they offer good chances for attractive risk-adjusted returns. Dividend investors ought to scan this list for additional stocks to add to their dividend portfolios.
*"Distressed" was a label coined by researchers, and should not be taken to mean that any company is bankrupt or in default on the basis of this calculation alone. Credit scoring is not fate, only prediction based on relative past performance of companies grouped by key variables. Time will tell.
**Volatility has be incorporated into a credit scoring model to improve accuracy, but this would reduce the value of a fundamentals-only model for indicating companies for option strategies.
Disclaimer: This article was written to provide investor information and education, and should not be construed as a guarantee or investment advice. I have no idea what your individual risk, time-horizon, and tax circumstances are: please seek the personal advice of a financial planner. This article uses third-party data and may contain approximations and errors. Please check estimates and data for yourself before investing.

