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Basic Thesis: The subprime burst was just a prelude to the real disaster, that of cascading counterparty defaults and capital base destruction of bank parties, due to normal default rates in a typical recession. If you believe we are not trending into recession, read no further. This argument runs on the basis we dip into one. The Bear Stearns asset bailout served as a beacon. The estimate of 45 trillion outstanding notional credit default swap contracts, insuring bond holders from default, holds an enormous latent pressure over the financial sector and possibly the rest of the markets. The New York Fed took it seriously, and so should you.

Capital erosion from losses, even amidst Fed and Government sanctioned capital injections, still results in destruction of capital and thus book value. This destruction will still undermine stock prices, no matter how much the fed prevents the "cascade." (Click images to enlarge.)

Here we see default rates have barely moved off of expansionary period levels. Notice default rates in the '91 and '01-02 recession periods hit the 10% range.

Moody's is forecasting defaults in this cycle that look to repeat past patterns.

What follows is corporate default counts. I picked the period surrounding the Great Depression and the last two recessions, both of which involved substantial default rates. Notice that even in the Great Depression, the defaults did not occur en masse until several years following the market crash of 1929. Is this credit crisis in subprime comparable, even if of lesser amplitude, to this dynamic?

It''s important to also take note that most defaults are in the speculative grade (high yield) category. Notice even during the Great Depression relatively few investment grade defaults. But even in the relatively light recession of 2002, there is a substantial amount of investment grade defaults. This is most worrisome since a credit default swap disaster will likely occur on the heals of a AAA US Corporation going belly up. Like I've illustrated in previous talks on CDS with my example of GE credit default swaps, it only takes one black swan high yield blowup to unearth the possible cascade the New York Fed took great effort to prevent. There lies a possibility that the Citis, JPMs, and Goldmans of the world are using credit default swap short positions on AAA debt levered to unbelievable levels to amp earnings.

Finally, here is the notional amount the recent defaults represented:

Notice the actual amount of money these defaults represent is relatively little, spread across all debt holders in the system. This isn't where the risk lies. The lack of any visibility on possible liabilities that might result from a magnification of losses that never before existed is the current problem.

With that said, we are still quite early in the cycle, as we haven't yet had our first negative GDP number. Even job losses have barely budged. Defaults are still relatively low. This says to me a long and steady period of continual downwards pressure before we hit bottom. During the last recession, the equities started their recovery off bottom when the default rate started quickly trending down. Even without the unknowns associated with outstanding derivative liabilities, the better risk/reward trade is to wait to buy equity indexes until we get a down trending default rate.

You can access this default data directly in the Moody's annual paper entitled Corporate Default and Recovery Rates, 1920-2007.

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This article has 23 comments:

  •  
    "Even job losses have barely budged."

    Today they budged. Big time.

    And discount rate spreads are blowing out again like they did last summer and a couple of months ago. Check out the chart at the Federal Reserve site:

    www.federalreserve.gov.../

    Now I know why Bernanke seemed especially nervous on Wednesday and the congressmen seemed concerned. They know Bernanke is running low on ammo. This isn't good...
    2008 Apr 04 09:33 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Perma-bear off and running. Doen't seem to care that his gloom and doom damages the market since Mr Market is very reactive to any whiff of bad news. Luckily for the rest of us the market is beginning to discount the constant doomsday dirges. Its so old news.
    2008 Apr 04 09:35 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Don't forget that markets are efficient. Therefore, the chance that markets have already bottomed > 0%.
    2008 Apr 04 09:58 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    If you want to really have fun, look at the numbers net of government employment.

    The perma-bulls have had many days in the sun. Unfortunately for them the "expansion" of the last 5 years is turning out to have been largely smoke(credit) and mirrors(leverage). Pay no attention to that man behind the curtain Mr. perma-bull.
    2008 Apr 04 10:01 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Apparently, this job loss # is inflated with 140,000 extra jobs added from birth/death. Worse than expected by far.
    2008 Apr 04 10:36 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    I'm not a permabear. I said buy in 1 to 1.5 years. The cycle just hasn't played out.

    2008 Apr 04 10:57 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Oh here's something more bullish. This tells you when to buy.

    scriabinop23.blogspot....
    2008 Apr 04 10:57 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    What most people do not realize is we have been in a bear market since the DOW & SP500 peaked out in 2000. We have just finished a bull rally within this bear market with the final top last October. As a holder of VZ,which peaked at 60 in 2000, trading around 38 now, I know of what I speak. VZ will participate in the next real bull market and ratchet up above 60 as the DOW and the SP500 move with authority and volume above their October 2007 highs. I hope you are young for the new real bull market is several year off. The last bear market lasted 16 years, bouncing between 500 and 1000 before finally breaking out.
    2008 Apr 04 03:27 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Economics is easily the biggest gap in my education... what is the likelihood that this time around credit defaults are already "baked in" stock prices?
    2008 Apr 04 04:34 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    blue skies: Considering that very few people even know what a credit default swap is and that even less know that they are at risk, I'd say pretty low.
    2008 Apr 04 06:15 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    We are stuck in an economic ditch at least as deep as the '70s, except this time we have bald tires! Think a downturn can't last a generation? Ask the Japanese.

    Thanks to no appreciation in the average portfolio so far this decade, and real inflation in the double digits, boomers better think again about retiring in the next 10 to 15 years off of their 401Ks. Unless you have a good pension to supplement your income.
    In the late '90s, people were serious about retiring in their late 50s.

    Where are the "Thank ya, W" stickers now? He will go down in history as the Calvin Coolidge of the 21st century. And this is one boomer that won't be working 'till the day he dies, unlike most of us.
    2008 Apr 05 11:16 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    we survived the junk bond debacle, the savings and loan debacle, (the more serious ones) and many other ups and downs of the market, depending on which way the wind will blow. So, today we will have to listen to all the high wave length quarter backs who really do not know the answer but make a guess-estimate hoping it will come true so they can say I told you so.
    2008 Apr 05 01:54 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    These are challenging times for investors, however, I don''t believe that waiting 1 -2 years to trades equities is the right approach. There are companies in certain sectors that trade on good fundamentals which makes them good investments. The notion that our markets trade in an environment of "cascading counterparty defaults and capital base destruction" actually allows these companies to move higher and reach new all-time highs. As these fundamentally sound equities start getting chopped down by short interest or market rotations, they eventually pick up steam again as investors wake up from yet another horrid nightmare and storm right back to what is really working in our broken system - bidding these stocks higher and higher. As long as you are aware and prepare for the environment that we are trading in (by reading the above informative article), there is no reason to wait that long to start investing. We have been through these volatile markets for over a year now. Just through those suckers ($US dollars) in there and start balancing them.
    2008 Apr 05 03:16 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    The problem with comparing the present problem with the S&L crisis and other things of the past and saying it should blow over quickly like they did is that the scale of the problem has changed - the debt house of cards has been stacked to a much more unstable level. The creation and scattering of debt instruments is much more entrenched into everything now. It's a stability thing.

    You can hold the good stocks in the time it's going to take to unwind the problems (a lot of them will climb), but bear markets typically have sudden, hard to predict sell-offs that grow in intensity gradually dragging even the strongest areas of the market into them untill a capitulation phase is reached. It's going to get more and more dangerous both long and short stocks. The Fed will continue to throw bail-out money making a short portfolio a mine field, and sudden fits of market anxiety over debt's lack of visibility will probably make a long portfolio a constant struggle.

    A commodity portfolio may be the best area as it will benefit from the flooding of the money supply no matter what kind of problems are created or solved in the stock market. You won't have to be right about the next big gyration of stocks. We are likely into a long market cold spell like '68 to '82 associated with the mega financial/hard asset inflation cycle where commodities will be outperforming a dangerous stock market for quite awhile as we are only about 4 years into the upswing of the hard asset bull market, not even reverted to the historical mean yet (not really "bubble" territory).
    2008 Apr 05 05:06 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    The markets are headed south with a sharp drop that extends till this fall, and then there will be a long bumpy bottom seeking process that last until mid 2009. If we are lucky, that would be the shape of the coming bottom, if we duplicate the crash of 2000-2003. It could be a lot worse if the overvalued REITs based on (IYR, the Dow Jones Real Estate Index) are the guide.

    It will be very interesting to see the earnings reports of the REITs that begin on April 23 to the end of the month. I suspect that there will be a lot of "prime" properties that are marked to market due to higher interest rates on the "interest only" loans they have been enjoying. Higher capitalization rates will come into play as well as the coming vacancy rate allowances. Sharply lower real estate values could really upset the apple cart on a world wide basis. It could really get tough going forward, regardless of the spin the talking heads put on the story.
    2008 Apr 06 12:25 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    The truth is the perma bulls don't give a damn about the average American worker. There would be no filthy rich if not for everyone else working day in and day out for hardly livable wages. The same phonies that claim America cannot afford raises in wages for working people, calls for free markets, less government, continuous tax cuts for the rich, are the same people that steal from their fellow Americans every day. There are a lot of average joes that that could give their opinions on CNBC for the exorbinate salaries they are paid. How do the majority of these multi millionares look in the mirror and live with themselveswithout talking about fairness. The market rises on unbelievable bad news because it loves pain. Joblessness, forclosures, exploited workers, the forever shrinking union job base. I really believe I can take Larry Kudlow and Jim Cramer's job and make people money in todays market. Go against the lie. Short Banks, buy ETF SKF Proshares trust ultrshort financials.Are we at a bottom? Hell no we are not at a bottom. Less jobs in America, much less good paying jobs, reality is working 9-10 hours at a job which phyically and mentally leaves you little left. Taking care of the home and the family. Short Banks. Pray for wisdom
    2008 Apr 06 12:39 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    dear user, you needn't worry about the working class. the people in washington will protect them. they will continue to take from the rich and feed the poor.

    in case you were confused by your leftist readings, the rich pay most of the taxes and invest most of their money, which creates jobs. it isn't their fault that the iron curtain came down and there are billions of people willing to work for a nickle a day. american workers are very fortunate to have jobs at all, at this point.

    we have to continue to support small business, because they create jobs and innovate. a free market, with less tax and less regulation, allows risk capital to work. higher tax and more regs mean fewer people invest in business, fewer jobs are created and america suffers.

    i know you'll vote democrat if they pay you enough, but remember they are paying you with my tax dollars, not yours. when you cash that rebate check, have a drink on me.
    2008 Apr 06 01:21 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Curious Cat - Its true the rich do pay more $ in taxes, but on average they pay a much lower % of their income in taxes. That's the problem.
    2008 Apr 06 02:22 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Curious Cat, the Democrats will tax and spend but the Republicans will cut taxes and spend. The difference is inflation and not supply side economics. Poor and middle class people don’t know how to invest effectively so they get killed by the hidden tax called inflation. Rich people know how to invest and can minimize their risks. Inflation takes money from the bottom half and gives it to the upper class. Deflation is the complete opposite. If we had sound money policy people could raise their standard of living by putting money underneath their mattresses. Human ingenuity makes products cheaper. Instead, people’s standard of living is going down due to inflation. It takes two incomes to raise a family. I’m talking about real inflation and not the core that excludes energy and food. What a joke!

    www.comedycentral.com/...

    Watch 4:30 seconds into the clip. Greenspan is a thief!!!!
    2008 Apr 06 04:21 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    The commodity "boom cycle", is not a normal cycle - because earth's human population is massively larger than any time in history, and getting bigger without rational restraint - "stuff" will be king, as supply is finite, and demand isn't, Been long and over weight commodities - staying that way for the remainder of my life. Politics and monetary policy are are not primary drivers in this scenario.
    2008 Apr 06 07:18 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    probably trhe best advice is: wait..............
    2008 Apr 06 10:24 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Bear nor bull... doesn't matter. The facts of the real news this past week was largely ignored. Follow the housing foreclosure numbers by state. They are increasing steadily each month... and these data only keep track of the ones that are entering foreclosure status with a minimum of six months or more until the loss is shown on the books after sheriff sale is completed. They have no idea how much debt will need to be written down... no real way of predicting the amount of pain coming. Citi does a cash call for billions... only announced after hours on Friday when it could have minimal impact... yet no major news on this all weekend. Why did they do this before next weeks earnings? i believe it was to soften the blow of the write down coming. Capital One also looking to get hit by the record number of auto loan and credit card payments missed... and it's only increasing.
    The relief check coming to the American consumer will be eaten up quickly by the rising gas and food prices. The ethanol dream will continue to increase the starvation in the world... and the shrinking dollar is threatened further by the push to remove it from the oil standard. Not sure I want to be conscious that day....

    Money can be made in this market. I'm short financials... but not enough to get destroyed if America drinks more Kool Aid being served up by CNBC and the rest of the media... "opiate for the masses".
    We'll need it... pain is ahead. Live within your means, avoid credit debt, and find the real value that is out there.
    Read the data for yourself... not just opinions. Decide for yourself... but staying in cash might not be good enough.

    oh... and learn how to trade Forex... LOL it's been amazing.
    2008 Apr 06 10:32 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    stkinvestor, it is called a graduated income tax, because the more you make, the greater the percentage they take. in fact, the middle class would not be complaining if they were not being pushed into higher tax brackets, would they?

    user 173580, you make an excellent point regarding the republicans not managing to live up to their campaign promises of spending less. they decided to spend on our freedom and the freedom of the enslaved iraquis. it could have been worse though. they might have given all those displaced new orleans katrina victims a lot of money to make up for the fact that they did not buy flood insurance. oh, wait, they did do that. too. idiots....

    user, it does take a lot to raise a family and if i were poor, which i was, i would not have a lot of kids, because they might starve and i would not want that. if i were poor, which i was, i would bother to read and work hard and save, instead of spending every dime i made, and learn to invest for the future. gee, i wish this were america, where everyone were free to work hard and learn and save. stop blaming the government for not doing what you should do. stop watching tv. stop buying five dollar cups of coffee, stop going to the movies, buying michael jordan's underwear and shoes, pay tv, lottery tickets, doing your hair and nails, drinking booze, smoking cigarettes, doing drugs. exercise a little restraint. try telling your neighbors that you appreciate them and tell your kids that they need to listen to their teachers. wash behind your ears while you're at it, ok?
    2008 May 07 11:51 PM | Link | Reply