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The Sovereign Society


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By Eric Roseman

We're smack dab in the middle of the worst U.S. financial crisis in a generation. Investors are responding by dumping stocks and fleeing for the relative safety of Treasury bills, foreign currencies, and commodities. Stocks are now settled in bear market territory, defined as a loss greater than 20% from all-time highs.

Large-Caps Take a Large Fall

$SPX Chart

And the panic selling lately has gone global...

In fact, this is the worst bout of selling since 9/11. Global equities, as measured by the MSCI World Index, have now declined more than 20% from their October 2007 all-time highs. Meanwhile, the U.S. broader aggregates are down over 21%.

Just since late May, more than six trillion dollars worth of equity values has been erased worldwide.

Investors now sit on two opposite sides of the fence.

The optimists continue to allocate assets globally while maintaining high cash reserves. They continue to believe this crisis, like all previous economic disasters, will eventually bottom.

They repeat the mantra: "Stocks and bonds will recover." To prove their point, they show how previous market shocks were all great buying opportunities for long-term investors like the 2000 tech bust, 1998 Long Term Capital Management debacle, the 1997-1998 Asian crisis, the 1989 - 1990 S&L Crisis, and the October 1987 stock market crash.

But on the other side of this contentious fence, the bears believe we're at the cusp of a major financial unwinding. They're saying this market environment will eventually parallel the events of the Great Depression in the 1930s.

Both market forecasts will determine the ultimate value of investment portfolios for years to come. But the question is: Which side is right?

 

A Case for Financial Armageddon

Many bears agree 2007 marked the "beginning of the end" of the global financial system. The devil threatening the financial order is Wall Street's monster called "securitization."

The securitization beast developed into a monster after former Fed Chairman Greenspan's relentless push to bring interest rates down to 1% by 2003. He was trying to stave-off deflation following the mini-2001 economic recession.

Although Greenspan's monetary policy gamble worked, the policy combined with the Bush tax cuts to boost GDP growth also created a leveraged beast. The monster grew as Wall Street packaged and repackaged mortgage-backed securities tied to leverage.

Low rates always entice financial product innovation. When Greenspan made U.S. money available literally for "free" at 1% or less by 2003, the securitization monster went wild. In a low interest rate world, credit spreads for all types of fixed-income securities plunged to historically low levels by mid-2007.

Then the party ended.

Deep Economic Recession or Worse?

With housing values accelerating their decline across most U.S. markets, the entire gamut of mortgage-backed securities and other markets tied to leverage all began to unravel by August 2007.

The toxic spillover has spread to other segments of credit, including consumer loans, corporate loans, credit-card debt, mono-line insurers, auction rate securities, and other synthetic derivatives.

The result is a massive policy challenge for the United States. A whole year later, the banking system remains heavily stressed. Worse, surging food and energy prices have cornered the Bernanke Fed, the dollar, and U.S. asset markets.

How does the United States - the world's largest and still the most influential economy, control deflation in housing and bank credit combined with skyrocketing food and energy prices? You could say 2008 is a bizarre twist of 1930s deflation mixed into a deadly toxin of 1970s stagflation.

The economic challenges are truly formidable. Soon, the Federal government will have to pitch in and help (with a taxpayer's bailout) because the Federal Reserve is running out of options. The Fed has already exceeded its chartered mandate following Bear Stearns' (BSC) rescue in March.

According to the bears, a deep economic recession in the United States will morph into a 21st century Great Depression. This will happen as mortgage giants Fannie Mae (FNM) and Freddie Mac (FRE) eventually collapse, housing values continue to deteriorate and a greater number of banks fail.

Unemployment will soar, bread lines will re-emerge and the dollar will become worthless as America's largest trading partners dump Treasury's.

An Optimist's View

The optimists maintain that the modern financial system will not fail.

Since the advent of modern capitalism under the British Empire, global crises have unfortunately surfaced regularly as asset bubbles deflate or unwind. This crisis triggered by the housing bust, won't be any different.

Governments and corporations always respond under times of economic duress by throwing bundles of money at the problem until the crisis stabilizes and eventually, fades.

The consequence of this policy response, like most others, will ultimately lie in higher inflation. World governments will eventually have to print credit to arrest deflation in bank credit and plunging asset markets.

Gold and most other commodities should continue to perform well as this recovery scenario occurs. Eventually, distressed stocks will also make a strong comeback but will unlikely surpass their all-time highs for many years to come in a fractured global financial system.

Deflation Intense in Asset Values

There's no hiding the damage already inflicted to global portfolios this year and over the last 12 months.

Since July 2007, global markets have declined 20% or more. The majority of non-Treasury securities markets have also been pummeled and housing values across several industrialized countries continue their downward spiral. Global balance sheets, both personal and corporate, continue to hemorrhage in the worst attrition of values since the 2000 to 2002 bear market.

$CRB Chart

Unless your portfolio is over-weighted commodities and foreign currencies this year, you're under water. Even cash or T-bills alone won't save you. In fact, in real or inflation-adjusted terms, both trail official CPI (consumer price index) by approximately 200 basis points or 2%.

At some point, according to the stock market bulls, markets will form a bottom. At that point, a recovery will ensue as investors grab for the next bargains. Many market indicators already point to massive contrarian buying opportunities in late July.

Institutional and individual cash reserves now sit at their highest levels in six years, representing almost 25% of total U.S. stock market capitalization. That's an enormous amount of buying power.

Short-selling, or the level of institutions betting against further market declines is now in record territory on the NYSE and the NASDAQ. And the Investors Intelligence Bull/Bear Ratio now stands at 0.58 - the lowest reading in almost six years. In short, nobody is buying stocks.

Dividends, which barely existed 12 months ago, are now scattered across the landscape in the United States and Europe. In Japan, companies now distribute the highest after-tax profits to shareholders in history. That's impressive considering this country barely paid dividends to shareholders 10 years ago.

Plus, dividends, compared to bond yields and money-market rates, also look very attractive. The majority of non-financial companies continue to raise pay-out ratios - far outpacing the rate of inflation in most countries and superior to staid CDs or T-bills.

These and other market-based ratios do not suggest stocks are excessively valued in July 2008. What they do suggest is that the market is heavily oversold and might embark on a powerful liquidity-driven rally, probably as seasonal strength begins later this fall accompanied by U.S. Presidential elections in November. Historically, the best time to buy stocks for the long-term is from May to September.

My Advice to Guide You Through This Confusion

No matter which side of the fence you're sitting on - bull or bear, I still say your best strategy is probably a mixture of quality assets. Diversification is your best defense.

Don't abandon stocks at these levels. Stick to blue-chip global multinationals now trading at multi-year lows and paying attractive dividends. Investors can select their own blue-chip stocks or buy diversified exchange traded funds (ETFs) and global value equity funds. These securities have all plunged over the last 12 months and continue to provide optimal entry points for the dollar-cost-averaging investor.

Also, gold and gold stocks should play an important role, including other commodities as central banks eventually lose control of inflation.

Foreign currencies - mainly in Asia, should remain a primary focus for dollar-based investors over the next decade and should be accumulated. Corporate investment-grade debt continues to trade at attractive levels compared to Treasury bonds and also offer good values. Finally, don't forget to diversify your portfolio with a reverse-index fund to hedge your market exposure.

On the other hand, if you truly think we're approaching financial Armageddon, I strongly suggest hoarding gold coins and selling everything else. It won't be a pretty world if the bears win this fight.

Disclosure: None

 

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This article has 13 comments:

  •  
    Excellent article! Thank you!
    2008 Jul 15 06:59 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    The bears win here. India, Vietnam, Saudia Arabia - countries where the local people value gold more than any paper currency, including the US Dollar. Fiat monies are a joke as no gov't has in place proper fiscal and monetary policies to ensure a strong currency. Gold in 6 months, even in the USA, will be considered to store of value better than any fiat US Dollar. Bottom line - Gold is the only real hedge against inflation and the collapse of the paper currencies!!!
    2008 Jul 15 07:03 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    I'm going to buy all the gold bars I can and store them in my basement. Then when I get hungry, I will slice off a little piece of gold and enjoy it.
    2008 Jul 15 07:25 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Good one!
    2008 Jul 15 09:20 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    I appreciate the easy language of your article and like your writing style. That said, I would offer two things to note. First, diversification is the last thing you want to do in this market. It guarantees that you will lose. You want to make concentrated bets only on those names or sectors which see action and you want to monitor your moves carefully. If you don't have time to monitor the activity of the bets you make - stay in cash.

    If the bears are right - you won't regret cash. If the bulls are right and you are paying attention AT ALL, you will see the recovery happen and can join the party.

    If you stay diversified you will lose in both directions.

    There are some themes that will go on - no matter what happens to the flows of the capital markets. Alternatives to oil will, as an investment theme, not go away for a generation. Food and all the resources that go into its production will not diminsh in stature whether the bears or bulls win. People have to eat and the more people you have and the more inflation rages - the more important food becomes. Its importance relative to discretionary income will only increase. That is what happens in tough times. Lastly but not least WATER. Clean water is only available to 1/3 of the people on this planet and the statistics are getting worse. If you have all the oil you want (we don't) and all the food you want (we don't) but you don't have clean water - you have nothing.

    Markets will be strong or weak en masse - but there are ALWAYS themes within markets that exhibit strength or weakness.

    I am lucky so far this year being up about 38%. I am neither a rocket scientist nor someone who sits in front of screens all day. Just someone paying more attention than I used to pay.
    2008 Jul 15 09:39 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Obviously the financial system will not "collapse." The world economy cannot be run on barter. The question is, what will be the medium of exchange used by that system in the future? More and more fiat currency of every stripe and color? Or will a new and innovative productive economy arise to replace the US with its money becoming universally acceptable. If the Chinese had the gold reserves that the US once held in Fort Knox their country would be a prime candidate for this role. One day the Chinese government will wake up to this potential and convert its hoard of paper dollars to gold. This argues for investing in gold before they do.
    2008 Jul 15 11:04 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Wow, this is a good article.

    But, I think you should mention what Japan went through in 1990 and is still struggling with today. Zero% interest rates?

    America and our way of life is going to forever change as a result of lender greed. There is nothing that will stop this tsunami of financial collapse which I predicted years ago.

    OK, how bad is it-let's look at some facts; over populated world means supply can't cover demand-commodities prices are up!
    America citizens are getting older-retired; means Selling assets and stocks to fund the non-working years-market sell off in real estate and stocks. War-let's fight for arab freedom and oil; they have 10 years of production left and have never know peace since the begining of time; oil prices up and it costs US $15B a month to fight for their freedom! AH, US debt; $12 Trillion and counting-we can't print enough soon to be worthless dollars. Negative home equity for 30% of homeowners; an empty piggy bank and retirement nest egg. Global warming; floods, drought, shifts in weather and ocean patterns. Banks: over leveraged and hiding the elusive derivitives(sic). Job production and costs of business; too high-clsoe plants and layoff the workers.
    The list goes on-mankind may not!

    The truth is nobody want's you to panic, but I have - because it's too late in the game.

    Many Banks and people will fail and go to crime to survive;a revolt of our backward justice and political system will ensue if not nipped in the bud- until our next great depression.

    I wish this would not happen, but this is the result of others greed.

    Nothing lasts forever-including us. Who will survive?
    Only those who plan for the worst and hope for the best.
    Buy gold and get ready for MAD MAX.
    2008 Jul 15 11:34 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    •  • Website: http://www.noway.bye
    MAC MAX? oil price is dying man!
    2008 Jul 15 11:44 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    the greatest buying opportunity ,but you have to wait and i do not know how long
    2008 Jul 15 02:08 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Excellent clear-eyed analysis that we have linked to. Thank you.
    2008 Jul 15 03:21 PM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Totally useless and very dangerous posting because of the conclusion/recommendat... to diversify. I totally agree with goldenhinde and intend to sharpen my skills to accomplish his return.
    People have to eat, millions of Chinese need to be employed, the body needs water to survive etc. etc. - back to basics and common sense may even beat Wall Street's whichcraft yet.
    I am only up 21% YTD but I'm learning and enjoy the show.
    2008 Jul 16 12:33 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    Have to agree with goldenhinde, as well.

    old trader
    2008 Jul 16 02:48 AM | Link | Reply
  •  
    DUG is the way to go right now. With crude and nat gas perhaps finally topping out, momentum investors will be sacred away. This means the price will continue to lower. Add to that that value investors are slower to jump in, and instead wait longer to see further drops, DUG could be huge over the next few weeks. Interesting podcast on the whole phenomenom psyche of it here: www.greenfaucet.com/sh...
    2008 Jul 17 01:00 PM | Link | Reply