The U.S. on the Precipice 54 comments
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September 7, 2008, the 10th anniversary of the Federal Reserve arranged bailout of the infamous hedge fund Long-Term Capital, is now a more infamous date. This is the day that our government chose socialism over free market capitalism. Our elected leaders increased the national debt from $9.6 trillion to $15 trillion, a 56% increase in one weekend.
Hank Paulson, the U.S. Treasury Secretary, seems to have a penchant for committing U.S. taxpayer dollars on weekends. He previously arranged for the bailout of Bear Stearns (BSC) on a weekend and convinced Congress and the President on a weekend to give him a blank check regarding the future of Fannie Mae (FNM) and Freddie Mac (FRE). He spearheaded the takeover of two of the worst run financial institutions on the planet. They hold or guarantee $5.4 trillion of mortgages. James Grant, a keen financial mind, described what we are experiencing today, back in early 2007. “Capitalism without financial failure is not capitalism at all, but a kind of socialism for the rich.”
Skullduggery, Corruption, and Fraud
Fannie Mae was created during the Great Depression in 1938 as part of Roosevelt’s New Deal. Its purpose was to provide liquidity to the mortgage market. For the next 30 years it operated as a government agency, with a monopoly on the secondary mortgage market. In 1968, in the midst of another fiscal budget crisis, Fannie Mae’s activity and debt were removed from the annual balance sheet of the Federal Government and the agency was privatized.
To provide some competition in the secondary mortgage market, Congress chartered Freddie Mac as a private corporation in 1970. This relationship with the Federal Government gave rise to the concept of an implicit guarantee from the government regarding their debt. This allowed these two companies to borrow at much lower rates than the average financial institution.
It wasn’t enough for these two institutions to reap the benefits of their implicit guarantee. They spent $175 million between 1998 and 2008 on lobbyists to influence Congressmen and Senators so that their housing agenda was pushed forward and expanded. These two institutions have bred a culture of corruption, combined with awful internal and accounting controls. Both companies were unable to file legitimate financial statements with the SEC for two years. Fannie Mae has a history of being a playground for former Democratic insiders such as Franklin Raines, James Johnson, and Jamie Gorelick. Franklin Raines, the Director of the U.S. Office of Management and Budget in the Clinton administration, became the first black man to head a Fortune 500 company when he assumed the CEO position of Fannie Mae in 1998.
When Raines assumed command in 1998, he set a goal to double Earnings Per Share in five years. Raines and his top executives reaped huge bonuses by meeting these goals. During his reign between 1998 and 2004, Mr. Raines raked in $90 million. His top lieutenant, Jamie Gorelick, took home $24 million in a four-year period. The only problem with the EPS that was reported is that they were fraudulent. According to an investigative report by OFHEA, “Those achievements were illusions deliberately and systematically created by Fannie Mae’s senior management with the aid of inappropriate accounting and improper earnings management”.
During the investigation Raines lobbied his cronies in Congress to open an investigation of OFHEA and cut off their funding. Ultimately, it was determined that Fannie Mae had overstated earnings by $10.6 billion. In a settlement with OFHEA and the SEC, Fannie Mae paid a civil fine of $400 million for these misdeeds. Raines somehow walked away with a slap on the wrist, sacrificing less than $5 million of his immense wealth.
In 2003, Freddie Mac revealed that it had understated earnings by almost $5 billion, one of the largest corporate restatements in U.S. history. As a result, in November, it was fined $125 million. A 200-page report issued by the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight indicated that the company's records were manipulated to meet Wall Street earnings expectations. The firm signed a consent order promising to improve internal controls and corporate governance.
On April 18, 2006 Freddie Mac was fined $3.8 million, by far the largest amount ever assessed by the Federal Election Commission, as a result of illegal campaign contributions. Much of the illegal fund raising benefited members of the House Financial Services Committee, a panel whose decisions affect Freddie Mac. Notably, Freddie Mac held more than 40 fundraisers for House Financial Services Chairman Michael Oxley, R-Ohio.
Homeowner Bailout Boondoggle
Nicholas Taleb while writing his book, The Black Swan in 2006, foreshadowed what was to come for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Banks are now more vulnerable to the Black Swan than ever before with ‘scientists’ among their staff taking care of exposures. The government sponsored institution Fanny Mae, when I look at their risks, seems to be sitting on a barrel of dynamite, vulnerable to the slightest hiccup. But not to worry: their large staff of scientists deemed these events ‘unlikely’.
Democratic Representative Barney Frank, Chairman of the House Financial Services Committee, chose to blame short-sellers for Fannie and Freddie’s problems when he made the following statement on April 25, 2008. Between 1989 and 2008, Fannie & Freddie contributed $42,350 to Mr. Frank’s re-election campaigns.
I believe Fannie and Freddie are better off than the market thinks. Over the long term the market is a very rational distributor of resources, but in the short term it can fall prey to hysteria. Sometimes you need to deal with that. Part of the problem is rumor mongering by short-sellers. Our hope is that just by making U.S. financial support available, we'll quiet the fears and eliminate any need for that support.
Democratic Senator Christopher Dodd, former candidate for President, revealed his grasp of the situation on July 11, 2008 when he strongly defended the financial condition of Fannie & Freddie. Between 1989 and 2008, Fannie & Freddie contributed $165,400 to Mr. Dodd’s re-election campaigns.
"This is not a time to be panicking about this. These are viable, strong institutions," Sen. Christopher Dodd, D-Conn., said at a Capitol Hill press conference. "The economics are fine in these institutions and people need to know that," Dodd said. There's no reason "to talk about failure," he added. "These two institutions are fundamentally, fundamentally strong," Dodd said. "There's no reason for the kind of reaction we're getting."
Mr. Dodd’s analysis proved to be somewhat deficient. President Bush signed the Housing Recovery bill on July 30, 2008. This bill gave the Treasury authority to put the U.S. taxpayer on the hook for all of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac’s bad decisions.
It appears that our political leaders believe in capitalism when there are obscene profits that benefit their hand picked cronies, but prefer socialism when it comes to sharing the losses with taxpayers. The Congressional Budget Office estimated that the American taxpayer would end up paying $25 billion for their mistakes, with a 5% chance that it would reach $100 billion.
The major problem with the bill was that it gave the Treasury the ability to provide an open ended guarantee. In July, former Fed governor William Poole said that Fannie Mae was technically insolvent. Their shareholder equity was $35.8 billion at the end of 2007. It plunged by $23.6 billion to $12.2 billion as of March 31, 2008. If their balance sheet had been marked to market as of June 30, 2008, they would have been insolvent. Congress passed this plan but provided absolutely no mechanism to pay for these future commitments.
At the end of the day, two public companies that had lost a combined $13 billion in the last 9 months were given a blank check to lose billions more. The CEOs of these two institutions “earned” a tremendous amount of compensation while their companies have plummeted to worthlessness. Daniel Mudd, CEO of Fannie Mae, took home $46.7 million in compensation between 2003 and 2007. Richard Syron, CEO of Freddie Mac, took home $58.1 million over the same time frame. In the last year, stockholders of these “fine” institutions lost $98 billion. They should be appreciative of the tax loss carry forwards they can use for decades.
Representative Ron Paul voted against the $325 billion homeowner bailout bill. His view of this bill hits at the heart of the issue:
It is neither morally right nor fiscally wise to socialize private losses in this way. The solution is for government to stop micromanaging the economy and let the market adjust, as painful as that will be for some. We should not force taxpayers, including renters and more frugal homeowners, to switch places with the speculators and take on those same risks that bankrupted them. It is a terrible idea to spread the financial crisis any wider or deeper than it already is, and to prolong the agony years into the future. Socializing the losses now will only create more unintended consequences that will give new excuses for further government interventions in the future. This is how government grows – by claiming to correct the mistakes it earlier created, all the while constantly shaking down the taxpayer. The market needs a chance to correct itself, and Congress needs to avoid making the situation worse by pretending to ride to the rescue.
Wall Street Got Drunk
At a recent closed-door fundraiser in Texas, where he thought it was safe to tell the truth, President Bush summed up the financial crisis in his usual understated way:
There’s no question about it, Wall Street got drunk, that’s one of the reasons I asked you to turn off the TV cameras. It got drunk and now it’s got a hangover.
This is an excellent analogy of what developed in the last few years. The sad part is that the American taxpayer is left to clean up the mess after the party. Meanwhile, George Bush will depart for his Texas ranch on January 20, 2009 knowing that his “no financial regulation” agenda has resulted in the greatest financial catastrophe in the United States since the Great Depression. Luckily, he should be able to muddle through on his $10 million net worth and the millions he will rake in writing his memoirs and making inspiring speeches.
Secretary Paulson failed to mention how much this would cost the American taxpayer during his speech announcing the takeover of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Two distinguished financial analysts, who have been correct on this issue for the last two years, Dr. John Hussman and former Federal Reserve governor William Poole, have concluded that the tax bill will be $250 billion to $300 billion on the existing $5.4 trillion debt portfolio.
This fails to account for the $20 billion per month of new loans that these awful institutions will be making. Count on at least $1 billion of losses per month on these loans.
Murky Dangerous Future
To put $250 billion of losses in perspective, the tax bill of every household in America just increased by $2,300. You will not get a bill from the IRS because our politician leaders find it easier to choose the immoral route of shifting this burden to our children and grandchildren. The U.S. Government is broke. The $250 billion will be borrowed from China, Japan and the Middle East, with an annual interest charge of at least $10 billion.
This is $250 billion that will not be spent on education, infrastructure, or energy independence. It is the cost of financial recklessness of banks, greedy CEOs, governmental incompetence, Alan Greenspan’s loose policies and average Americans who thought they deserved something for nothing. Future generations will pay a steep price of this greed and malfeasance.
The following passage from Nicholas Taleb’s brilliant book, The Black Swan, describes the potentially dire situation that we are facing at this moment in time:
Globalization creates interlocking fragility, while reducing volatility and giving the appearance of stability. In other words it creates devastating Black Swans. We have never lived before under the threat of a global collapse. Financial Institutions have been merging into a smaller number of very large banks. Almost all banks are interrelated. So the financial ecology is swelling into gigantic, incestuous, bureaucratic banks – when one fails, they all fall. The increased concentration among banks seems to have the effect of making financial crisis less likely, but when they happen they are more global in scale and hit us very hard. We have moved from a diversified ecology of small banks, with varied lending policies, to a more homogeneous framework of firms that all resemble one another. True, we now have fewer failures, but when they occur ….I shiver at the thought.
The recent actions by our politician “leaders” will not solve this financial crisis. They are a weak attempt to keep this finance Ponzi scheme going until they are re-elected in November. These actions have propped up essentially insolvent financial institutions.
The question is, how many more financial firms can be bailed out or fail before the entire system collapses? Lehman Brothers (LEH) goes bankrupt this weekend, Merrill Lynch (MER) bought by Bank of America (BAC) before its collapse, AIG (AIG) barely alive, Washington Mutual (WM) about to wipe-out the FDIC fund, Wachovia (WB), and many more in the future.
The economic situation has gotten worse. There are 4.7 million homes for sale representing an 11.2 month supply, the highest in history. Home prices have fallen 16% in the last year according to the Case Shiller Index. Prices are expected to fall through 2011 according to John Burns, a real estate analyst who has been correct for the last five years. Foreclosures totaled 1.2 million in the 1st 6 months of 2008, a 100% increase over the prior year, and are accelerating at the fastest pace in three decades. Option ARM mortgage and Alt A mortgage delinquencies will be accelerating in 2009 based upon their date of issuance. This will lead to more foreclosures and much lower prices. Unemployment is accelerating and will not peak until 2009, probably north of 7%. People without jobs can’t make mortgage payments or buy HDTVs at Best Buy (BBY).
We have entered a recession that is being driven by consumers with vast amounts of debt. This recession will be deep and long. The greatest debt bubble in history does not pop without making a huge mess. Credit is getting to be scarce. Forced consumer spending reductions will bankrupt overleveraged retailers, mall developers, and commercial developers. A slow soft depression is a distinct possibility.
The continued bailout of the reckless financial firms by the taxpayers, while their top management received titanic pay packages borders on immorality. The average American has the right to ask for a similar response. If you are in danger of losing your house to foreclosure, can’t meet your monthly obligations, or make the minimum payment on your credit card, just call Hank Paulson at 1-800-BAILOUT.
Disclosure: I have no position in any of the stocks mentioned in the article.
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This article has 54 comments:
This is at the heart of the follies of the last eight years.
Please pay my student loans and mortgage for me, Bushies.
Thanks!
(oops, that wont work, I'm not rich)
The readers of this website, cnbc, marketwatch, etc., are all highly educated higly motivated individuals (exactly the opposite profile of the alt-a / subprime / blind faith in leaders - Americans).
When you get this type of disparity you get greed and corruption of a few preying on the masses and calling it "capitalism".
As Americans we have oursleves to blame. We'd rather have our celebrity culture and our 15 minutes of fame and not do the hard work of studiying and taking accountability for our own lives.
The slowdown will be hard. But the slowdown will be well deserved. We have inflicted this on ourselves due to our own selfish lack of accountability.
While the slowdown will not be the end of the world, let's hope that it acts as a wake-up call to our fellow Americans.
NO mccain and NO MORE OF HIS TWIN .... KING GEORGE III BUSH
We have already tried the alternative to SS, it fails miserably and creates poverty, disease, homelessness and crime. When it comes to planning for retirement, people are no smarter now than they were a century ago. They won't do it! They ignore their financial future and bet on schemes and wild chances and lose all their money! If you completely eliminate their taxes they will bet and lose that, too.
Politicians and corporations are just as bad as individuals, short term thinking is inherent human nature. There is absolutely no evidence that people are "discouraged" from saving by SS, in fact among people under 35 that firmly believe SS will be gone before they retire and they will have to fund their own retirement, they still do not save or invest anywhere close to what that would cost. Education is not the answer either, this same thing holds true for professors and college graduates. THEY JUST DON'T CARE ENOUGH to sacrifice this year's comfort for their future comfort, and NEVER WILL.
Some sort of mandatory, inescapable long term investment combined with a social safety net is the answer, and SS and Medicare taxes are the closest we can come. The big problem with SS and Medicare is they are managed by appointees and politicians that never have to face any consequences for their own short term thinking. But something must be done and this is as close as we get.
Dr. Tantillo ('the marketing doctor - <a href="blog.marketingdoctor.t...") did a post naming Freddie & Frannie this week's 'brand loser(s)' and calling for what he terms a "brandover," arguing that marketing will need to play a key role if F&F are too be successful in the future--and that they'll need a new name.
Here's a link to Tanillo's full post
Dr. Tantillo ('the marketing doctor - <a href="blog.marketingdoctor.t...") did a post naming Freddie & Frannie this week's 'brand loser(s)' and calling for what he terms a "brandover," arguing that marketing will need to play a key role if F&F are too be successful in the future--and that they'll need a new name.
Here's a link to Tanillo's full post
Dr. Tantillo ('the marketing doctor - blog.marketingdoctor.t... ) did a post naming Freddie & Frannie this week's 'brand loser(s)' and calling for what he terms a "brandover," arguing that marketing will need to play a key role if F&F are too be successful in the future--and that they'll need a new name.
Tanillo's full post: blog.marketingdoctor.t...
Prepare yourself because the writing is on the wall. Do not be duped into thinking the Fed will be bailing you out.
What would you have done if you knew the Great Depression was coming in 6-12 months? How would you have positioned your family to survive it? You have the ability to make decisions now that can make yor life a little easier in the time to come. Get out there and get prepared or you will regret it.
Consider the electoral college: Instead of presidential candidates being elected by a majority, they are elected by majorities in contested states.
That means that candidates completely ignore states where they are heavily favored to win or lose and in fact MUST concentrate all their efforts on states that are under contention. This impoverishes the political debate.
Also, senators from Nevada, Wyoming, Vermont and other very sparsely populated states have disproportional power in the Senate, at least with their power to defeat bills that would help the majority of the population.
When you add to these (and other antiquated aspects of the United States Constitution) the power of Corporate lobbyists over practical politics and elections, you get a knockout punch to the chin of the American electorate.
That leaves the corporate plutocracy alone in the ring.
The American population seems to be morally complicit in this takeover of everything by the plutocracy: For example, the idea of equality of opportunity as embodied in public education is jettisoned and our children dream instead of becoming famous actors, singers, athletes, financial moguls and not of becoming engineers, doctors and scientists. They all want to become part of the plutocracy and not rise in the world with hard work and idealism.
We need to revive our civic spirit and stop thinking that good government is synonymous with socialism or we will lose it completely to the real threat: The octopus of corporate plutocratic socialism which is corporate America.
Our leadership is to close to the end of their lives to be making sound decisions for the greater good. Most of them are looking at the end game. Succession planning!!!
There's no difference between a Republican and a Democrat. They both spend what's not their's and they both enrich their friends in high places. The "two party" system is the all time great con game. Americans have swallowed it hook, line and sinker. Now we are choking on it.
...Yes, I know they are not actually saving and their contributions are redistributed to the elderly. ...
This is another way of describing a ponzi scheme. If you have any mathematics at all, you know what happens to a monotonically increasing series - it tends to infinity. That is why ponzi schemes are illegal, they are guaranteed to reach a collapse point.
So I agree with huangjin on this. They should have been abolished by someone with insight a long time ago. Currently they have put us on the hook for 54 trillion dollars in unfunded liabilities. What is going to happen when those liabilities aren't met? Will it be worse than what would have happened if all those people got to keep the ponzi payments they made to others and spent them in the economy?
SS and medicare looked like they worked for a long time. But all they were doing was making the eventual collapse more severe. A ponzi scheme is a ponzi scheme, whether it is run by the government or a private entity. No net good can come of it.
As far as people not taking responsibility for their lives, well, that is what they were promised; life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. And you exaggerate. Many people *do* think to the future, and *do* provide for themselves in old age. Under the current system, they pay not only for themselves, but for the irresponsible too. Kind of like the way the responsible are paying for the speculators in the mortgage meltdown with the federal bailouts. Of course, the death of SS and medicare would be the death of unbridled consumerism as well.
If society wants these benefits, make it explicit. Put in place a death tax of 100% and use the proceeds to fund programs like social security and medicare. That fixes the level of funding. No ponzi scheme, no guarantees. Everyone knows that whatever they leave behind when they die goes to support other people at the end of their lives, and that the only support they can expect is what those who die leave behind.
This seems like a pretty good article but it needed some serious fact checking. The shareholder equity numbers shown above bear no relationship to FNMs filings with the SEC, which showed $44 billion, $39 billion and $41 billion for December, 2007, March & June 2008, respectively. Also the use of the term "technically insolvent" is "technically" incorrect as FNM announced shortly before the federal takeover that it had over $100 billion in cash.
Makes me wonder about all the other numbers the author has thrown out. I have never owned any FNM stock, but I was seriously considering buying it because in so many articles on this website the authors make up the "facts" to go along with their opinions.
User 154216
"The readers of this website, cnbc, marketwatch, etc., are all highly educated higly motivated individuals"
Check out page 102 of the 10K for their fair value balance sheet to see the real numbers. I wonder why they bury it on page 102. They were insolvent when the numbers were counted the way an average person has to account for their household balance sheet.
You should have bought the stock. You could have some nice tax loss carryforwards. You're mistrusting the wrong people. It is the CEO's of these crooked institutions that you shouldn't trust.
In fact, you hear voters getting worked up over "lipstick" comments and TV "personality" rather than policy. The source of the stupidity has been located! Most voters are politically vapid and just do what they're told by whatever herd they run with (media, churches, identity politics, etc.).
That said, I agree with Churchill, who said that democracy is the worst form of government ever tried, except all the others. Our government is a reflection of our intellect, and there is a certain fairness in that.
Then again, maybe not for smart people.
You are absolutely correct; our government is a reflection of our intellect. It is also a manifestation of our thinking, of our desires and of our ethics and morality. We have no one to blame but ourselves because we, as a group, have created the government and therefore we deserve everything we get.
TAKE THE CORPORATE SLANT OUT OF THE MEDIA AND YOU FIX THE COUNTRY.
I ask you. Which era did normal Americans do better 1992-2000 (Clinton) or 2000-2008 (Bush). I'm sure you'll assert the latter. Talk about blinded by politics. Vote Obama, he gives America a better chance than Grampa McSame and Falin.
If we could do so well to be guaranteed, but the working middle class has not guarantee. So much for justice and freedom.
All were created equal, except for the working middle class!
On Sep 15 10:39 PM Dr Bee wrote:
> I wonder what the middle class is now? When the workers and employers
> can barely afford medical care, housing is bust, gas is vaporizing
> our wallets, maybe the working poor middle class would do well to
> qualify for all the social amenities that now are guaranteed to the
> non working class for medicaid, food stamps, housing subsidy, electric
> subsidy and by the way gas payments to go to their doctors.
>
> If we could do so well to be guaranteed, but the working middle class
> has not guarantee. So much for justice and freedom.
>
> All were created equal, except for the working middle class!
Trying to pass off a fair value balance sheet as a certified one with all the explanatory footnotes is about as misleading as you can get. Why don't you just say: "OOPs, I screwed up."
OOPs. I was quoting William Poole, if you can read. The numbers quoted tie to the fair value balance sheet. You said they were made up. They are in an SEC document. The final outcome says it all. If their balance sheet was so strong, why is the U.S. taxpayer on the hook for all of their losses now?
The US Congress definition of a balanced budget means they took in enough money to pay SS benefits for that year, the trillions that already been stolen, which they label the "National Debt", is some nebulous number to them that really does not matter. The alleged being in the black that occurred during the Clinton administration was based on projected tax revenues that actually did not materialize as the NAZDAQ tanked.
There is much to fear as the Government bails out failed Institutions with money that does not exist and must be borrowed. They have not asked the permission of the people of America who will now be burdened with the bill for generations for a massive mis-management on a global scale.
Ultimately, as I alluded to, it is the American Voter who bears responsibility for not taking the time to look closely at candidates and put responsible people in Congress. Government at the local level is the most important decision but most people only vote in Presidential years and then along party lines. I believe we are in the most serious economic crisis in our history we do not have the right people in place that can manage this crisis.
Just saying ....
"You said they were made up"
I hope your quote of William Poole wasn't as loose as your quote of me. There's a reason quotes are usually surrounded by those funny little punctuation marks. It's to indicate exactly what someone said. Without those the "quote" can be presumed to run to the end of the sentence... or the paragraph... or the article.
Just to make it clear here's my actual quote:
"Trying to pass off a fair value balance sheet as a certified one with all the explanatory footnotes is about as misleading as you can get"
"Makes me wonder about all the other numbers the author has thrown out. I have never owned any FNM stock, but I was seriously considering buying it because in so many articles on this website the authors make up the "facts" to go along with their opinions."
On Sep 16 02:58 AM O-B-WON wrote:
> Precipice ....for sure.... what happens when the Iran situation rears
> it's ugly head.. maybe a catalyst for economic disaster...
"you were not insinuating that I made up the "facts"?"
There is a difference between wondering about something and saying you made it up. That difference is probably better captured by your current term, "insinuating". My comment ("Makes me wonder about all the other numbers the author has thrown out.") could be read as insinuating that you possibly made up the facts. You should realize that the use of "fair value balance sheet" numbers without that "fair value" qualifier is misleading and led me to my, apparently wrong, conclusion.
Now that I know where those numbers came from, I apologize for that improper insinuation. My actual intention with that sentence was to set up a slam at "Seeking Alpha" for the poor quality of many of the articles that appear here. I liked your article.