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Chesapeake Energy (CHK) is saddled with $1.4B of previously unreported liabilities due over...

  • Thursday, May 10, 2012, 3:53 PM ET
    Chesapeake Energy (CHK) is saddled with $1.4B of previously unreported liabilities due over coming years from off-balance sheet deals, WSJ reports. The company has commitments to banks requiring delivery of specific amounts of oil and gas. These so-called VPPs are essentially debts, with payments due in fuel rather than cash. Shares take a tumble, -1.7%.
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This news story has 54 comments:

  • Unbelievable news..... "off-balance sheet deals" violate Sarbanes-Oxley accounting rules. Where is the SEC? This company (in which I fortunately no longer hold any stock) should be investigated for financial 'Enron' style fraud, IMHO.
    10 May 2012, 03:58 PM Reply Like
  • The SEC is already informally investigating Aubrey McClendon, so I guess the investigators will be formal within a week.
    10 May 2012, 04:24 PM Reply Like
  • My father is an investor in CHK, but I don't understand how an investor can learn of these "off-balance-sheet" deals reading SEC filings. Anyone have any insights?
    10 May 2012, 04:30 PM Reply Like
  • The VPPs have hardly been a secret. In fact, CHK has crowed about each and every one of them at the time they were established as part of the Company's vaunted "monetization" program. Contrary to the inference by some of the faithful that CHK invented VPPs, production payments have been around for a long time and were used extensively to finance mergers and acquisitions prior to the 1969 Tax Reform Act. That particular reform eliminated a tax advantage of such transactions and treated VPPs as loans for tax purposes.

    Prior to the 1969 TRA, the sale of a production payment had to be without recourse to the seller in order to qualify for the tax benefit. If the entities that purchased CHK's VPPs can satisfy their investment only from oil and gas production; then, the situation is analogous to a non-recourse loan. In other words, CHK isn't liable to the purchaser should the properties from which the VPPs have been carved fail to return the purchaser's investment. On the other hand, if CHK guaranteed the VPPs and didn't disclose the liability, that would constitute a material omission of fact, which is referred to in less sophisticated circles as fraud.

    It has been awhile since I have looked at the rules, but in times past the production going to satisfy a VPP was commonly included in a company's net production. This produces a misleading figure for net production. The same is true when companies sell carved out royalties to trusts which they then sell to investors. CHK has done such royalty trusts as well as VPPs.

    Maybe including a few seasoned oil people on staff at the SEC and on the Financial Accounting Standards Board would help. The same also applies to CHK's board.
    10 May 2012, 06:19 PM Reply Like
  • Johnson: Thanks for your response. Wikipedia[1] supplied me a somewhat-adequate response in the meantime. My father called me crazy and uneducated for being so baffled by this, which he knew about. It seems to me, these people create unnecessarily complicated debt implements for no reason other than to screw people.

    [1]http://bit.ly/IG4qSQ
    10 May 2012, 07:31 PM Reply Like
  • thanks for info-shorts throwing everything at this one-lets see where it goes. I think this info should be on balance sheet--as well as option grants and prices. Also would like to know how much he paid for interest in wells-can tell that would not help short case otherwise they would be crowing about it.
    11 May 2012, 08:32 AM Reply Like
  • where would you put it, how would you do that? Is it just a comment, is it baked into expenses? (serious questions)

    Regardless, I have a conference call with the company next week, to help me further understand how the accounting behind this works. I'll be more than happy to share my findings. I have a feeling the reason these are treated the way they are is because of tax mitigation.

    I also plan on discussing the slightly concerning rise in operating expense line, as well as personal use of aircrafts and other company assets. I am not a fan of these perks..Especially when we miss Q1 earnings pretty significantly.
    11 May 2012, 08:45 AM Reply Like
  • Harry is right. VPP's are fairly common. CHK entered into a fairly sizable VPP a few years ago with JPMorgan. Many E&P companies have them.
    11 May 2012, 02:04 PM Reply Like
  • VPP's are "Contractual Obligations".

    VPP's are clearly spelled out in the 12/31/2011 10K. Pull up the PDF and search for it. Page 160 shows their VPP schedule.

    "Volumetric Production Payment (VPP). In May 2011, we monetized certain of our producing assets in the Mid-Continent through a ten-year VPP for proceeds of approximately $853 million. The transaction included approximately 177 bcfe of proved reserves and approximately 80 mmcfe per day of net
    production. Chesapeake has retained drilling rights on the properties below currently producing intervals and outside of existing producing wellbores and we also retain all production beyond the specified volumes sold in the transaction. This transaction was our ninth VPP. The cash proceeds for this transaction were reflected as a reduction of natural gas and oil properties with no gain or loss recognized. Other VPPs we completed in 2007 – 2010 are detailed in Note 11 of the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this report."
    11 May 2012, 02:08 PM Reply Like
  • I don't think anyone's saying there were never any VPPs disclosed. The claim is that actual obligations exceed disclosed obligations.
    11 May 2012, 02:22 PM Reply Like
  • Am I correct that it's also typical that if that particular well were to not produce or shut that these contracts are non-recourse? If I understand correctly CHK isn't obligated to reimburse for the nonperformance of those contracts?

    And the reason they use the VPP is because it's optimal for tax mitigation? Which translates into a lower tax rate for the company, meaning more money for shareholders?
    11 May 2012, 03:36 PM Reply Like
  • How do you think Goldman Sachs got started?
    12 May 2012, 02:46 AM Reply Like
  • the supreme court says that corporations are people. clap the handcuffs on these s.o.b.'s and throw them the hell in prison.
    10 May 2012, 04:04 PM Reply Like
  • Are you going to throw pieces of paper in the clink? Not sure how that helps anything.
    10 May 2012, 04:31 PM Reply Like
  • Hell yeah! First throw Aubrey in prison,,,then the entire board!!!! They enabled this for years!!
    10 May 2012, 10:13 PM Reply Like
  • Boo...US prisons are highly overpopulated. I'm sick of paying for your grandmas' social security, Medicaid, Medicare, and the people you guys want to constantly put in prison.

    I would like to know what laws they have violated that should land them in prison?
    11 May 2012, 08:47 AM Reply Like
  • Will everyone shut the he** up before we burn anyone at the stake.

    I find these 'off balance sheet' debts disturbing if true. I have a call into Investor Relations and am trying to find out what is going on. Is this just more of a which hunt?

    1.4B over 10 years isn't really that significant (compared to their total debt of 25B). Then they go on to say most of it comes due this year and next????? Which is it?

    How did you find this out, of course you have to be a subscriber to read the whole article, pft.
    10 May 2012, 04:50 PM Reply Like
  • A which hunt or a what hunt.
    10 May 2012, 05:50 PM Reply Like
  • It's may not be so much the amount as it the fact that they weren't disclosed. You're supposed to disclose liabilities -- SEC rules.
    10 May 2012, 06:07 PM Reply Like
  • wrong, they were disclosed, many times.
    10 May 2012, 06:58 PM Reply Like
  • If they were "disclosed many times", why does the WSJ headline read, "Chesapeake Deals Carry $1.4 Billion in Undisclosed Liability"? WSJ says these are "previously unreported liabilities", WW Jr. I'll go w/the WSJ on this one.
    10 May 2012, 07:36 PM Reply Like
  • Google: CHK VPP

    Its been disclosed many times, just because people don't understand the accounting methods, does not make them wrong. The SEC and IRS have both questioned the methods of accounting CHK uses and since nothing has ever come of it, clearly it's not an issue.

    Rating agencies do consider the VPP a debt which is what I think WSJ is picking up on.

    I called Investor Relations, and was assured that I was not mistaken and it was disclosed many times.

    After calming down and really thinking about this I knew about this to begin with, the VPP is very similar to a sale lease-back. Great way to generate income to pay down debt. Which is what CHK is doing. In fact these kinds of deals made CHK somewhere around $5-6B in revenue in 2011.
    10 May 2012, 08:14 PM Reply Like
  • Yes because media outlets NEVER make mistakes, or spin crap into gold, or do anything wrong right, cough Newscorp.
    10 May 2012, 08:16 PM Reply Like
  • More color on this from Business Insider:

    "Yesterday, we wrote about Argus Research analyst Phil Weiss' opinion that nation's second-largest natural gas producer is loaded with off-balance-sheet obligations.

    "Gold's [WSJ] story now puts a figure on that sum. He reviewed 10 volumetric production payment agreements, filed in county courthouses in four states, to arrive at the total. VPPs are mortgages that use the promise of future drilling returns as collateral.

    "The documents [sic] that Chesapeake's liabilities are 'far larger than previously believed by investors and analysts who cover the stock'."

    Source: http://read.bi/K0EG1w
    10 May 2012, 08:33 PM Reply Like
  • So yes there are analysts that are uncomfortable with these methods. They don't actually owe any money, just NG. The mortgages are recorded in order to comply with IRS reporting rules, that treat the VPP like loans. http://bit.ly/IG4qSQ

    Business insider explains (via a hyperlink) in another article. http://read.bi/KOVB8N

    Look I'm not trying to tell you to invest, I just happen to be long, and I don't really think these kind of things are really big issues. Analysts like to have solid number to base things on, when they have to start speculating whether to reduce revenues (based on upcoming NG deliveries that wont generate revenues), or apply it as a debt or expense. They do it the way the IRS says, bottom line. It does not make it easy for an analyst to apply. If they didn't consider the outstanding VPPs then I could see how that would be an issue for their analysis.

    I think it's time we focused on the real problems at CHK - operating expenses and reducing debt. The VPP is a great way to generate revenue. They left out how much money CHK made up front for the gas they pledged.
    10 May 2012, 08:52 PM Reply Like
  • So the CEO treating CHK like a part time job doesn't bother you? I find it highly ironic that almost any employee would get fired for running a part time business from their job.
    11 May 2012, 12:59 AM Reply Like
  • Yes, so long as it doesn't impact his work load. Like I have said before this happened between 2004-2008, the stock prices and company grew like weeds. No one was complaining while there were making money, but now four years after 2008 with depressed stock prices because of unusually low NG, people are up in arms.

    Mostly because of the media, not because of any material issue. The VPP is a complicated program, but as both Mr Johnsons point out in these comments, hardly an issue.
    11 May 2012, 08:17 AM Reply Like
  • W - you are correct. VPP's should be considered debt when calculating ratios.
    11 May 2012, 02:09 PM Reply Like
  • So how much further does CHK fall now?
    10 May 2012, 05:30 PM Reply Like
  • only down 3.25 percent. suprising.
    10 May 2012, 06:26 PM Reply Like
  • I'm calling a floor at 13.
    10 May 2012, 10:13 PM Reply Like
  • These weak stories shake out the risk adverse investors. Notice how no major positions really change. We seem to have a floor around the $17 mark. At least each time it slides below that mark it gets met by pretty significant resistance and pops upwards.

    So long as Q2 earnings exceed expectations, the ship holds steady, and no material events actually occur...it should continue to rise with the tide into the pre-election period...Q2 is crucial report. Should Q2 miss expectations we could definitely test the current floor, followed by a rally back into elections, followed by Q3 reporting...

    I would love to hear the thoughts of a chart technician and get their point of view of where we are going. The lady Katie on Kudlow was just delightful.
    10 May 2012, 10:32 PM Reply Like
  • Greetings UI,

    We've got the next downside support at $15 based on Gould's SRL (found here: http://seekingalpha.co...). After that it would appear that $10 and $4.94 would be next.

    Regards.
    11 May 2012, 12:12 AM Reply Like
  • So much for that $17 floor.
    11 May 2012, 09:42 PM Reply Like
  • Yes I was shocked when it first happened, but there was pretty significant resistance, and in AH it popped 5%. I think we will be back at the $17 mark mon or tue. I didn't expect a fall out to the $14-$15 level unless there was a miss on Q2.

    Goldman and Jefferies are a pretty good endorsement. They are not going to throw money into a sinking boat.

    *These are my opinions and should not be taken as investment advise.
    11 May 2012, 10:09 PM Reply Like
  • Greetings,

    $15 was a critical support/resistance according to our analysis.

    However, because $15 was violated the new support level is $10. Our suspicion is that the extreme downside target of $4.94, as indicated in our previous post (found here:http://seekingalpha.co...), is possible as well as the $0.67 downside target.

    Regards.
    12 May 2012, 01:17 AM Reply Like
  • $15 was violated briefly, and quickly was met by resistance. Monday will be a critical indicator on which way we are headed into Q2 earnings. Given the 5% pop afterhours I think we will head back to the $17 mark, heading steadily up into Q2, which if is a meet or beat, then we should form new support in the 19-20 range, heading to 22-24 pre elections. Boone Pickens removed a fairly substantial position, causing the drop to begin with. I have a feeling many institutions will begin to buy at the $15 level.
    12 May 2012, 09:34 AM Reply Like
  • Greetings W. Walker Jr.,

    There are couple of concerns with the view regarding the after-hours volume.

    First, the after-hours volume at 1,150,602 shares was 1.31% of the total trading volume for the entire day. It can easily be said that at this point any increase in the stock price is not with the plurality of the investors.

    Second, the highest price traded in after-hours was $16.46 at 4:19pm EST. This was immediately after the PR news of the loan by Goldman. It should be noted that the stock price "resisted" the $17 level. Afterwards, the stock slowly descended to the closing AH low of $15.44. This suggests that even among any involved individuals or institutions, CHK was being sold after-hours despite the "positive" news of a loan for the company.

    Additionally, for better or worse, T. Boone Pickens carries a lot of weight when he enters or exits a transaction. Pickens' last major sale of CHK (found here: http://seekingalpha.co...) was when the stock was nearly $30. Considering that a Pickens sale was followed by further declines in the price, in the order of magnitude of -50%, we wouldn't be surprised to see a similar downside move from the current price.

    Finally, on a relative basis, CHK appears to be replicating the movement of the period from 1993-1999 (our warning on CHK found here: http://seekingalpha.co...).

    We'd be cautious of expectations that CHK will trade significantly above $17 in the short-term. Furthermore, those wishing to buy the stock, as a speculation only, should consider $10 or lower before going long.

    Regards.
    12 May 2012, 01:31 PM Reply Like
  • thanks for the suggestions
    12 May 2012, 01:38 PM Reply Like
  • I'm looking to pick up more when it hits single digits...or close to it. The stock is way under-valued based on assets valuation as it is, but there are so many chicken-littles out there I can afford sit back, have a couple of beers and wait awhile.
    RWR
    10 May 2012, 07:06 PM Reply Like
  • What the hell is going on here - shady company period.
    10 May 2012, 07:13 PM Reply Like
  • If NatGas was trading at $6 everyone would be raising their beer glass to Aubrey. I believe that the price of the commodity being depressed is the cause of all of CHK's problems. If you don't like capitalism then move to China. Oh wait....CNOOC has bought huge amounts of CHK's acreage plays....so maybe that's the answer.....lets let the Chinese bail out everyone's position in CHK...that will make everyone very happy I'm sure. Wake up!
    10 May 2012, 07:49 PM Reply Like
  • The Facts per CHK's 2011 Form 10K:

    VPPs were timely disclosed. They are non-recourse; i.e., the purchaser can look only to the reserves. The purchasers get a specific percent of production until they have recovered a specific volume. The expected terms when the VPPs were established were from 5 to 15 years. The proceeds to CHK ranged from $2.93/Mcfe to $8.73/Mcfe. CHK's proved reserves were reduced to reflect the VPPs. See page 160 of CHK's Form 10K for more details. (No need to go to the courthouse unless you are a financial reporter trying to make a big story out of nothing..)

    There was a time when financiers weren't so accommodating (or were smarter). Purchasers of production payments received a percentage of production until they recovered their original investment. The production payments were still non-recourse, but the purchasers were not at risk if oil or gas prices fell, other than it took longer than originally planned to get their money back. Production payments usually have a built in interest rate.

    Never owned any CHK securities, but may consider it just because the Company is now the underdog.
    10 May 2012, 09:55 PM Reply Like
  • Mr. Johnson, much respect, and very nicely explained.

    Be careful what you do, or they may come after you next for some half baked conflict of interest. These people are ruthless, they shoot first and ask questions later. The media is no better.
    10 May 2012, 10:13 PM Reply Like
  • You are correct; nothing on the planet more ruthless than a banker whose capital is threatened or a cornered bureaucrat. Made an offhand comment once that people who thought there wasn't insider trading also believed in the Tooth Fairy. It ended up in Business Week and I ended up with people from Justice and the SEC in my office. I was astounded, but my Boston SEC lawyer told me the government types took my comment to be criticism of how they were doing their jobs.
    11 May 2012, 12:55 PM Reply Like
  • How big was the one that got away, Harry? That's what we really want to know.
    11 May 2012, 01:32 PM Reply Like
  • Just to clarify one point : What is usually in the VPP agreements that could force chesapeake to continue extracting gas when the economic decision might be to stop. If the VPP's get (re-paid) only on production , what is the driving force making chesapeake operate at current prices of at or below $2?
    12 May 2012, 11:55 AM Reply Like
  • Gosh, NonSurfer (isn't that heresy on the west coast ?) there were so many, I quit counting. Interesting that you are applying math and physics to stock market analysis. Astronomy is more applicable don't you think ? Disintegrating stars, dark energy, and especially black holes.
    13 May 2012, 05:07 PM Reply Like
  • Where were the Auditors and Accountants that issued a "Clean Financial Statement for the past year? Their responsibility was to assure financial accuracy and not the appeasment of management, or a perpetuation of their Engagement.
    10 May 2012, 10:18 PM Reply Like
  • The VPPs are well disclosed in the public filings. It is another way to raise money. Oil & gas is a very low return business and the only way to grow is to constantly raise new funds. It's how CHK grew to be what they are today.

    I don't like the FWPP (hope I got that right), but I don't think that alone makes CHK a bad company.
    11 May 2012, 02:01 AM Reply Like
  • This is old news and the WSJ is being used by hedge funds to drive the price of CHK down to increased the value of their short positions. Since they have run out of new stories, they start to print old stories. Once they scare the retail investors out of their money, they will buy the company's stock cheap to cover their naked short positions.

    This is a classic manulipation of the stock price by a few large hedge funds using the media. The CEO has played into their hands like a fool.
    11 May 2012, 09:41 AM Reply Like
  • Let me see.... who is it that owns the WSJ ? Oh yeah, now I remember. It's that European guy, Ruport Murdoch, or something like that. If you have the Chutzpah to hack the Queen's cell phone, I don't guess you would hesitate to plant a few stories in your newspaper to enhance your profits in the stock market.
    11 May 2012, 01:04 PM Reply Like
  • Pickens sells all his CHK shares.

    http://bit.ly/JlsB8t
    11 May 2012, 02:02 PM Reply Like
  • I was wondering what happened, there was very unusually high volume just after 3. But notice how that was met with resistance, even with such a large position removed.

    RSI, KDJ, MACD and the share price are all at the bottom!
    11 May 2012, 03:42 PM Reply Like
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