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Hedge Yourself Against Rising Oil Prices 28 comments
The political chaos in North Africa and Middle East caused Brent oil price to hit $110 a barrel for the first time since 2008. Libya is at the edge of a civil war; foreigners are trying to save their lives by running away from the country. It is not just Libya. Another large oil supplier, Iran witnessed thousands of protesters marching in Tehran demanding a change. Even in Saudi Arabia, the ministry of interior confirmed about protesters and threatened to crash them. The dictatorship regimes of the region are falling one-by-one. Tunus first, Egypt second. Who knows which one will be next? Obviously, there is a lot of uncertainty in that region which raised the oil prices above $100.
The crude oil prices are up by $4.63 from a week earlier, and $21.04 higher than the last year. The future contracts imply that oil prices are expected to stay at least at the current level:
Crude oil futures price
Naturally, changes in crude oil price is quickly reflected in the retail gasoline prices: Gasoline is now at a national average of $3.392 a gallon. Two years ago the national average retail price was $1.90
Average National Retail Oil Prices
What can we do about rising gasoline prices? Automotive Experts suggest the following:
Besides listening the automative experts, you can also follow T.Boone Pickens, and invest in energy stocks. While the increasing gasoline costs are not good for consumers, it benefits those who invest in energy stocks. The best hedge against retail oil prices is the energy stocks that have the highest correlation with them. Therefore, we decided to compute the Pearson Correlation coefficient between major oil related stocks and retail oil prices. This coefficient shows how two variables are related. A value close to 1 implies perfect positive correlation and a correlation coefficient close to 0 implies no relation at all. Since it is also of interest to see how correlation changes between intrasector classifications, therefore largest 3 companies are selected from each oil and gas category. When available up to last 19 years of data were used.
Here are the results:
The 1st table shows the correlation coefficient for Independent Oil & Gas Companies (Occidental (OXY), Apache (APA), Anadarko (APC)) and Major Integrated Companies (Exxon (XOM), Chevron (CVX), ConocoPhillips (COP)). Data on Chevron starts from October 2001.
As we can see, the correlation between large oil and gas companies that have integrated operations are very high. Companies in these sectors provide almost perfect hedge against rising oil prices.
OIL and GAS
Retail Gas
OXY
APA
APC
XOM
CVX
COP
Retail Gas
1.000
0.919
0.955
0.925
0.894
0.870
0.941
OXY
1.000
0.975
0.938
0.871
0.926
0.865
APA
1.000
0.967
0.918
0.942
0.923
APC
1.000
0.922
0.906
0.913
XOM
1.000
0.957
0.942
CVX
1.000
0.884
COP
1.000
The 2nd table shows the correlation coefficient for Drilling Companies (Continental (CLR), Concho (CXO), Diamond (DO)) and Equipment Companies (Schlumberger Limited (SLB), Halliburton (HAL), National Oilwell Varco (NOV)). The results show that stock prices of oil related equipment companies are very much related to oil prices. The weak correlation of Continental and Concho may be attributed to the limited data: Data on Continental and Concho is available from 2007; Diamond Offshore data is available from 1995, and National Oilwell data is available from 1996.
DRILLING and EQUIPMENT
Retail Gas
CLR
CXO
DO
SLB
HAL
NOV
Retail Gas
1.000
0.510
0.105
0.864
0.899
0.835
0.905
CLR
1.000
0.728
0.038
0.258
0.533
0.417
CXO
1.000
-0.448
-0.003
0.261
0.116
DO
1.000
0.949
0.872
0.916
SLB
1.000
0.930
0.964
HAL
1.000
0.856
NOV
1.000
The 3rd table shows the correlation coefficient for Pipeline Companies (Kinder Morgan (KMP), Williams (WMB), Spectra Energy (SE)) and Refining Companies (Marathon (MRO), Valero Energy (VLO), Hess (HES)).
There is almost a perfect correlation between refining company stocks and retail oil prices as we expected. What is interesting is the high correlation between retail gasoline prices and Kinder Morgan stocks. While Kinder Morgan is a large pipeline transportation and energy storage company that claims to "...operate like a giant toll road and receive a fee for our services, generally avoiding commodity price risk." pearson coefficient shows the opposite. The fundamental reason for this high correlation is about their customer base: Their customers include major oil companies, energy producers and shippers, local distribution companies and businesses across many industries. They are also the second largest oil producer in Texas. Therefore, it is quite natural to see such a high level of correlation.
PIPELINE and REFINING
Retail Gas
KMP
WMB
SE
MRO
HES
VLO
Retail Gas
1.000
0.856
0.229
0.683
0.897
0.926
0.784
KMP
1.000
0.175
0.338
0.773
0.770
0.655
WMB
1.000
0.855
0.358
0.296
0.257
SE
1.000
0.790
0.519
0.641
MRO
1.000
0.887
0.907
HES
1.000
0.705
VLO
1.000
Another interesting result about KMP is the low level of correlation between other pipeline companies. The correlation coefficient with Spectra and Williams co. are 0.338 and 0.175 respectively. We also checked KMP with other companies. KMP stock price is almost perfectly correlated with major oil & gas stocks such as Apache (0.907), Anadarko (0.903) and Exxon (0.894). Correlation with Concho was also high (0.888).
Disclosure: I have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours.
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This post has 28 comments:
I consider an alternative energy to be the only long-term solution to the current oil crisis.
By the way, we can talk as much as we want about the increase in price of oil. But, we should be able to focus on the solutions of how we can get rid of such a problem. If you share your ideas about how to cope with this issue, we can discuss more on it =)
Ogulsev,
I have to apologize to you. You and I have disagreed in other forums about the level of correlation between Oil prices and Oil Pipeline and Transportation stocks. I offered that the correlation was low and you held that it is extremely high (as you also do in the article above).
I ran a number of correlations between the daily stock price of KMP and the price of oil OK WTI spot prices. I used January 1, 1998 as a starting point since I haven't been able to find out the exact date KMP was founded in 1997 and didn't want to use inaccurate data. Further, to ensure data integrity, I reviewed each day to ensure that both were traded (since the markets are closed on different days) and eliminated any dates both were not traded. I am apologizing because, the correlation of prices between 1/1/1998 and 3/1/2011 show a correlation of .8359, which is quite high and much higher that I expected based on the correlation I ran last week covering a shorter time frame. So, although the data you used was flawed (running a correlation over 20 years for a company only in existence for 14 years), my analysis bears out that the correlation does increase over longer time periods.
However, that is only part of the story. The correlation is very dependent on the amount of time used and the time frame selected:
Correlation between Oil price (OK WTI spot price) and KMP stock price ending 3/1/2011:
3 yrs .3842
4 yrs .3548
5 yrs .4279
6 yrs .4801
10 yrs .8330
You have to run a correlation over a period exceeding 6 years before it exceeds 48%. As you can see, the analysis also validates my contention that Pipeline and Transportation companies are not always highly correlated to the price of oil.
Working back in time; breaking the period (1/1/1998 to 3/1/2011) into 4 year segments you get very different results:
3/07 to 3/11 .3548
3/03 to 3/07 .6679
3/99 to 3/03 .1332
If you are trying to hedge gasoline prices, you may be more interested in a more relevant correlation experience (shorter time frame) and more recent so the data is fresh and current.
Most Exploration and Production companies, whose fortunes rise and fall with the price of oil, don't hedge their production much beyond three years due to a lack of visibility and predictability. So I would argue that although you should be aware that, over extremely long periods, the price of oil has shown a high correlation to KMP, over both shorter periods and more recent periods (the period you would be investing in) the correlation has been significantly lower.
KMP is a good company, paying a nice dividend in a very low interest rate environment. That may be a reason to choose to invest in it, however, there are much better choices to hedge gas prices at the pump.
Disclosure: Long KMP, LINE, VNR, LGCY, ETP, ENP
On another perspective energy companies' stocks will continue rising as long as the oil prices keep rising. So it may be good time to invest.
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