SmartETF

Fundamentally Weighted ETFs: Mixed Performance in '07

I think it is time to see through the veil of what a cap-weighted index really is……a glorified momentum index. WAIT! That is comment is sacrilegious! Defend yourself!
Okay, one only needs to look at the sector mix of an index to see the change in market weight caused by the momentum effect. As an example, In December of 2002 the E-Trade Russell 2000 Index Fund composition was approximately 70% small-cap value/ 30% small–cap growth. Three years later (December 2006) the index was approximately 20% small-cap value/ 80% small–cap growth. Imagine trying to beat the small-cap index as a small-cap value manager during those three years!

Let’s take it a step further; pretend you were a small-cap growth manager during this booming three year run. Your track record looks good as you capitalized on this momentum and you soundly beat the small-cap index. On the wings of good fortune you get hired by the institutions and investors. Then the enviable happens, the sector rotates back to small-cap value (and/or some other asset class) and your performance drops and you fall out of favor.

In this example its evident indexing small-cap stocks using a cap-weighted approach capitalizes on the change in momentum while fundamental indexing would have given a more accurate description of how the small-cap securities actually performed.

I don’t have enough data points to judge weather fundamental indexing is better or worse than cap-weighting indexing but I do believe the momentum effect may favor cap-weighting, albeit with more volatility. So the trade-off of risk-adjusted returns is open for debate. What is clear to me is that cap-weighting is nothing more than a momentum strategy masked in the guise of a passive strategy. I’m sure if this were a chat log I’d burn in flames! I applaud Rob Arnott’s work on fundamental indexing and appreciate anyone challenging the norms of convention wisdom.