Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc (ADAP) Q4 2022 Earnings Call Transcript

Adaptimmune Therapeutics plc (NASDAQ:ADAP) Q4 2022 Earnings Conference Call March 6, 2023 8:00 AM ET

Company Participants

Juli Miller - Head-Investor Relations

Adrian Rawcliffe - Chief Executive Officer

Garry Menzel - President and Chief Executive Officer, TCR2 Therapeutics

Conference Call Participants

Ernie Rodriguez - Cowen

Mara Goldstein - Mizuho

Tony Butler - EF Hutton

Michael Schmidt - Guggenheim

Jonathan Chang - SVB Securities

Asthika Goonewardene - Truist Securities

Kelly Shi - Jefferies

Soumit Roy - Jones Research

Yanan Zhu - Wells Fargo Securities

Peter Lawson - Barclays

Operator

Welcome to Adaptimmune and TCR2 joint webcast to discuss their strategic combination announced earlier this morning.

I will turn the call over to Juli Miller, VP of Investor Relations and Corporate Affairs at Adaptimmune. Juli?

Juli Miller

Thank you, operator. Hello. Good morning. We issued a joint press release with TCR2 Therapeutics, announcing entry into an agreement for the strategic combination of our two companies. In the second press release, we provided our Q4 and full-year 2022 financial and business updates. I would ask you to review the full text of the forward-looking statements. We anticipate making projections during this webcast, and actual results could differ materially due to several factors, including those outlined in our latest filings with the SEC, as well as our 10-K filing for the year ended 2022, which will be filed later today. Of note, we will share slides during this webcast, which are also available on the presentations tab of our Investor Relations website.

Adrian Rawcliffe, our Chief Executive Officer, and Garry Menzel, TCR2 Therapeutics President and Chief Executive Officer are here with me for the prepared portion of the call, as well as Q&A.

With that, I'll turn the call over to Adrian Rawcliffe. Ad?

Adrian Rawcliffe

Thanks, Juli. We're delighted to welcome you to this webcast to discuss the strategic combination of our two companies, which creates a preeminent cell therapy company to treat solid tumors. The details of the transaction are set out on the next slide. This is a stock-for-stock transaction, by which Adaptimmune shareholders will own 75% and TCR2 Therapeutics shareholders will own 25% of the combined company on closing. This is anticipated to extend the runway for the combined company into 2026, following closing and enabling a series of catalysts, which we will come to later.

I will be the continuing CEO, and we will have a strong Board with members from both Adaptimmune and TCR2, including Garry. We anticipate the transaction to close in Q2 2023, subject, of course, to shareholder approval. That's what we are doing.

However, the purpose of today's call is to tell you why we are doing it. And while we are excited about this combination, particularly at this time in the evolution of cell therapy, here are the five compelling reasons why this strategic combination is the right thing to do.

First, we have two companies that have spent their entire history focused on solid tumors, the largest unaddressed opportunity for cell therapy. Second, we each have a strong clinical pipeline that has been highly focused on MAGE-A4 and mesothelin and have significant value creating near-term catalysts, including the filing and potential approval of the first engineered T-cell therapy for a solid tumor indication. We also have medium-term preclinical pipeline focused on PRAME and CD70.

Third, together, we have an innovative next-generation toolbox, designed to enhance the functionality of our products in the tumor microenvironment as we aim to develop cell therapies that are both curative and mainstream.

Fourth, we have end-to-end capabilities because both companies have been entirely dedicated to discovering, developing and delivering T-cell therapies and both have knowledgeable and experienced teams who have successfully advanced these therapies into late-stage trials.

Finally and critically, this combination enables us to continue the focused development of the strong pipeline with an extended cash runway of approximately 3 years into 2026 due to significant operational advantages. We're now going to cover each of these five points in greater detail on the following slides.

Garry and I, along with our collective management teams share the conviction that cell and gene therapy are about to have an impact on the therapeutics landscape comparable to that of monoclonal antibodies 25 years ago. We believe these therapies will transform the treatment of cancer.

But to do that, they clearly have to move out from the narrow confines of CAR-T and hematological malignancies, which nonetheless have realized nearly $3 billion in sales in 2022, because the significantly larger opportunity is in the solid tumor space.

Treating solid tumors has been the life's work of the exceptional employees at Adaptimmune and TCR2. And the programs we have in clinical development are amongst the leading cell therapies for solid tumors, where we have already seen robust response rates in multiple cancer indications. These T-cell therapies in the clinic and others coming behind will enable cell therapy to complete the transformation of this landscape, providing hope to people living with cancer.

At a macro level, treating solid tumors with cell therapies is the ultimate value creation thesis for this industry. This is why our companies exist and accessing this opportunity with a breadth of pipeline and a depth of runway is why this combination makes sense.

Although hematological malignancies are only 10% of US cancer deaths, the majority of cell therapies and all approved CAR-Ts are focused on these diseases. 90% of cancer deaths are from solid tumors, and this space is largely untapped by cell therapies. And we assert that as living medicines able to respond to the tumor and this microenvironment, cell therapies have distinct advantages to treat solid tumors.

I believe that our combined company will have a strong leadership position in this rapidly growing and evolving field due to its complementary technology platforms, which Garry is going to talk about now.

Garry Menzel

Thanks, Ad. As Ad said, this is truly an exciting time for cell therapy focused on solid tumors with many cancer patients already benefiting from treatments in clinical trials. Together, we have complementary platforms that will allow us to address a broad universe of both intracellular and extracellular protein targets with our SPEAR and TRuC T-cell therapies.

Adaptimmune's proprietary SPEAR T-cell technology is based on the affinity enhancement and engineering of T-cell receptors or TCRs, to specifically target peptide HLA complexes that are uniquely expressed on solid tumors.

TCR2's proprietary truck TRuC T-cell technology uses an antibody-based binding domain fused to TCR subunits to reprogram an intact TCR complex to recognize tumor surface antigens. Both technologies can be further leveraged in the combined company's allogeneic platform. With SPEAR T-cells and TRuC T-cells, we have an opportunity to increase patient access to cell therapy. Ad?

Adrian Rawcliffe

Thanks, Garry. With these complementary platforms, we are prioritizing and focusing on key validated targets for cell therapy in the solid tumor space. Targeting [Technical Difficulty] on a wide range of tumors, targets that we know we can address with our T-cell therapies and targets that are expressed in cancer that between them kill more than 300,000 people a year.

We have the opportunity to make cell therapy a mainstream option for people with cancer through our focused pipeline against these targets. And our technologies against these targets have enabled a deep pipeline across multiple cancer types.

Our lead programs will target MAGE-A4 and mesothelin in the clinic, and our preclinical development will focus on PRAME and CD70. As Juli described, this pipeline is available for you on the website, so I won't go into it in great detail because I want to focus on the clinical data and the catalysts that we believe are going to create near and mid-term value.

We have compelling clinical efficacy from our two lead franchises. With afami-cel, we're on track to complete our BLA submission for the treatment of synovial sarcoma in mid-2023, which would been a possible approval in 2024, the first engineered TCR T-cell therapy for a solid tumor.

Our next-generation cell therapy targeting MAGE-A4, ADP-A2M4CD8 is delivering an overall response rate of 37% in our Phase I signal finding SURPASS trial across a range of solid tumors. And in ovarian, bladder and head and neck cancer, we see a response rate of 52%, improving still further to 75% in patients with these tumor types who have received three or fewer prior lines of therapy.

Going forward, we are initiating new cohorts in first-line head and neck and second-line bladder cancer in combination with pembrolizumab, and the Phase II trial SURPASS-3, which we intend to become registrational for patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Gavo-cel and the next-generation therapy, TC-510 target mesothelin, which is also expressed in a broad range of cancers.

In the Phase I dose-finding trial, there was tumor regression in nearly every heavily pre-treated patient and an overall response rate of 22%. And in patients with ovarian cancer, the response rate was almost 30%. Going forward, we have the potential to screen patients with ovarian cancer, both MAGE-A4 and mesothelin, which would significantly improve the screening success rate. And this type of joint development is one of the distinct operational advantages of this strategic combination.

The Phase II trial with gavo-cel is ongoing and includes options for multiple doses and combination with checkpoint inhibitors to potentially enhance response rates and persistence. The next-generation product targeting mesothelin is TC-510, which incorporates a PD-1 CD28 switch designed to increase potency. The Phase I trial is currently in dose escalation across a range of tumors.

Touching on safety across our combined programs. Whilst more specifics are available in the materials, generally speaking, we see adverse events that are consistent with those associated with lymphodepletion and the administration of cell therapies, mainly CRS at various levels, which is typically manageable and reversible using existing approaches. Overall, the benefit risk profile to date has been acceptable.

On closing this transaction, the combined company would have anticipated front [ph] ending into 2026. We expect to deliver multiple value-creating catalysts from these programs within that financed window.

Here's a long list of what you can expect over the next 22 months. Of course, we will continue to optimize the combined portfolio, making data-driven resource allocation decisions and focusing on those programs that will deliver greater value. I'm going to touch on a number of these items.

For afami-cel, it's all about BLA submission and the potential for approval. For the CD8 next-generation program, we have trials ongoing or initiated with the potential for readouts this year and next. Firstly, for the combination in late-line patients with a checkpoint inhibitor and then readouts from cohorts in front-line head and neck cancer and second-line bladder cancer.

For gavo-cel, later this year, we anticipate the first readout from the Phase II portion of the trial in platinum-resistant or refractory ovarian cancer in combination with nivolumab. We will also have a midyear readout in mesothelioma patients who enrolled before the focus was narrowed to ovarian, which will include key translational data speaking to the impact of checkpoint inhibitors.

In 2024, we can expect additional readouts in the gavo-cel trial of TC-510, the next-generation version of gavo-cel. The trial is dose-escalating and we anticipate initial safety and then potential efficacy along with dose finding results in 2024. And for PRAME and TC520, which target CD70, we'll be moving these to be IND ready in '23 and '24 as both companies have previously outlined.

Now, I'd like to turn it over to Garry to explain some of our next-gen enhancements, some of which are already in use in our clinical trials.

Garry Menzel

Thanks, Ad. Not only do we have compelling clinical data and exciting preclinical programs, we also have a toolbox to further enhance our T-cell therapies. When we think about how best to treat solid tumors with a T-cell therapy, several factors come into play; trafficking of our T-cells to the solid tumor, persistence in the hostile tumor microenvironment and killing effectiveness once they are there.

Our CD8 and PD-1 switch next-generation technologies have already made it into the clinic as autologous therapies. We also have many others such as IL-15 and IL-7, CCL19 that can be thrown into the fight. And one of the most exciting aspects of our complementary technology platforms is the ability to target multiple antigens. Importantly, all of these approaches can also be used in our allogeneic platforms as well. Not only does it take a technology toolbox, it takes a unique set of capabilities to make cell therapies work.

And with that, I turn it back over to Ad.

Adrian Rawcliffe

Thanks, Garry. One of the realizations that both companies have had is that cell therapies are a truly unique class of medicines and to convert complex technologies into actual products that benefit patients requires a highly specialized set of capabilities that need to be tightly integrated in ways that are particular to cell therapy.

Our combined companies has been wholly focused on cell therapy for solid tumors since the beginning. We have experienced teams who have a proven track record in this field. Between us, we've taken seven programs into the clinic, five of those are ongoing, and the first BLA for an engineered TCR T-cell therapy will be submitted this year by us.

The capabilities we've outlined in our US and UK facilities on the right hand side of this slide are not there by chance. They are not optional. These are the capabilities that we have deliberately built from the ground up by each of the companies. And as we bring together complementary technologies, teams and infrastructure, there will be significant operational advantages as we aim to transform the cell therapy landscape for solid tumors.

Now when this transaction closes, we will have cash into 2026. This will enable us to finance the catalysts on the slide I showed you earlier. The combined company will continue to focus on investing our balance sheet in a data-driven manner to create maximum value from the portfolio.

I'd like to return to the key differentiators that make the strategic combination attractive. A shared focus on solid tumors by far the largest opportunity for cell therapy, compelling data and clinical progress in solid tumors with our existing clinical pipeline, a deep preclinical pipeline focused initially on PRAME and CD70, backed up by our expert teams, specialized end-to-end capabilities a decade in the making and all made possible by our extended cash runway. We have the opportunity to deliver against our catalysts and against our ultimate goal of making transformative medicines for people with cancer.

And with that, I'll open up for questions. Operator?

Question-and-Answer Session

Operator

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Marc Frahm of Cowen. Please go ahead.

Ernie Rodriguez

Hi, good morning. This is Ernie Rodriguez for Marc. Thank you for taking our questions. Just two for us. One, if you can provide more color on the cash runway extension that you have once the transaction closes. Like how much cash - what's the cash balance, I guess? And what are the assumptions that you have, think about all the catalysts that you went over, what assumptions would that have for the cash extension?

And the second question is about the afami-cel BLA. Just wondering what are the gating factors right now? What needs to be done in order for you guys to be able to complete it by mid-'23? Thank you.

Adrian Rawcliffe

Thanks, Ernie. Okay. So on the cash runway, both companies pattern is to give cash runway guidance, but not obviously detailed cash flow guidance. And that's compounded in this case b two things. One, integration planning is obviously only just starting on the back of this. And two, we just put out our Q4 results, but TCR2 have not done so. So it's a bit early to be giving detailed forecasts on cash utilization, but you can anticipate more information in due course.

I think the key thing is we are confident -we are confident that the cash runway can be extended into 2026 and can deliver on those catalysts. And it's obviously a range of things that you could look for in terms of the advantages that has come from both the operational advantages that I've talked about during the scripted portion of the discussion, such as the ability to jointly screen with - for ovarian cancer, such as the obvious potential synergies over time associated with the manufacturing capabilities that Adaptimmune has created, as we think about putting multiple products on to the market in due course, and obviously, establishment costs. We have just simplistically two D&O policies, for example, which we won't have going forward. But I think we still need to go through the integration planning between now and the close of the transaction.

Secondly, on the afami-cel BLA, we've laid out the pathway that we have agreed with the agency to submit the elements of the rolling BLA. And just to remind you, that was the preclinical module initially, which was submitted in December, the clinical module, which we anticipate going in shortly. And then the CMC module, which will be the final piece anticipated in the mid-2023. And the work to complete those is the gating item between now and getting that.

So, we're compiling all the information for the clinical pieces as we speak, and we will be doing the same for the CMC piece and finalizing the work required to submit that with the information that we agreed with the agency.

Ernie Rodriguez

Thank you. That's very helpful.

Adrian Rawcliffe

Thanks.

Operator

Our next question comes from Mara Goldstein of Mizuho. Please go ahead.

Mara Goldstein

Hey. Thanks so much for taking the question. So, I'm just hoping that you can maybe review for us a bit or perhaps even confirm that as the deal comes together, the TCR2 pipeline and the expectations for that pipeline for this year that those will be consistent with what TCR2 has previously guided to?

And then secondarily, I'm just curious about, once you put the two companies together and you have greater scale, what you think from a time perspective, I guess, where is the advantage, let's say, with TCR2's TC-510 program, which is in a Phase I at this point and where can you bring synergy to bear there?

Garry Menzel

Yes. I guess I'll take that one. This is Garry speaking. So first of all, I think the guidance is similar to what we provided before in the case of ovarian cancer, where we have a readout at the end of the year for that particular cohort. On 510, the same.

The difference, I think, is in the new guidance provided today is that in the middle of the year, we intend to showcase the mesothelioma patients that we treated in the Phase II trial before we narrowed the focus to ovarian cancer.

If you recall, we did let people know that if there was any excess manufacturing capacity, we would devote it to mesothelioma patients, and we now intend to release some of that clinical data, including key translational data that speaks to the impact of checkpoint inhibitors in the middle of the year. So that's in terms of guidance.

In terms of where there are synergies going forward, I think there are a number because we have several overlapping clinical sites between the two companies. We also have some unique clinical sites between the two. We have an ability since both of us are focused on ovarian cancer to co-screen for MAGE-A4 and mesothelin, which makes us a little more attractive to physicians who know that they'll get a cell therapy treatment for their patients if they work with us. And so I see synergies there, which may help us as we go into next year, move things along a little faster.

510 is more constrained because of the design. Remember, it's dose escalating. You have to move in a steady fashion cohort-by-cohort as you move up each screening. So, I don't think we can move that along much faster than we're doing already.

Mara Goldstein

Okay. Thanks so much.

Adrian Rawcliffe

Thanks.

Operator

Our next question comes from Tony Butler of EF Hutton. Please go ahead.

Tony Butler

Thanks very much. Adrian, two questions. One is on the CD8 program in ovarian cancer. I just wanted to - while in - the other cancers of head and neck and bladder, they were first and second-line patients. Are these later line patients in ovarian cancer that will be treated? That's question one.

And question two, there was some statements about expanding the clean room space in the Navy Yard of vis-à-vis manufacturing. I assume that is not necessarily a component of what is required to complete the CMC components, et cetera, as it relates to afami-cell. And even though the expansion would allow for more afami-cell to be created, I just wondered if you could provide a few words on that rationale. Thank you.

Adrian Rawcliffe

Thanks, Tony. So you are correct, whilst the cohorts that we are initiating in the SURPASS trial in head and neck cancer and bladder cancer are designed to be in earlier lines of first and second line, roughly in conjunction with standard of care pembrolizumab, the patients in SURPASS-3 and the population where we believe we can develop that towards a registration is in the platinum-resistant setting. And again, I just want to touch on the - that trial has two arms to it, both monotherapy with cells alone and combination with pembrolizumab, both independently designed against historic controls, giving us potentially sort of two shots on goal there.

And that's based on - and this is important because I think what we're doing now is we're transitioning out from and we have been for some time in sarcoma from the proof of principle of a technology into actually developing products in specific indications, taking account of the treatment paradigms in those indications, and that's why this makes sense in that ovarian setting. So that's the ovarian study and the future for SURPASS.

With respect to the manufacturing, you're correct, we've built out our facility in the Navy Yard, expanded capacity to - and we did that over the course of the last year. Hence, the fairly heavy capital expenditures in the last year that won't be repeated necessarily going forward. That gives us the ability to manufacture many more products. It doesn't really affect the afami-cel development since the suites that we currently have open for afami-cel, where incidentally, we manufactured all of the SPEARHEAD-1 patients and where we will be launching from.

Those suites are likely to be able to cope with the capacity needs of afami-cel as a commercial product and for the continued clinical trials associated with afami-cel. So it's more that as we get into larger patient populations in SURPASS, that, that space becomes more useful with the manufacturing methods associated with SURPASS.

Tony Butler

Okay, good.

Adrian Rawcliffe

Thanks, Tony.

Operator

Our next question comes from Michael Schmidt of Guggenheim. Please go ahead.

Michael Schmidt

Hey, guys. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. Just a modeling question, perhaps. TCS2 obviously did announce some cost reductions earlier this year. How should we think about the potential for additional cost synergies following the merger later this year? And then I had other [ph] question as well.

Adrian Rawcliffe

So why don't I start with that just at a high level. And then, Garry, if you want to comment specifically on the shape for TCR2 to the extent obviously that we can. So, I think one of the challenges that you guys are going to have modeling this is that both companies have actually gone from a larger cash burn in 2022 to a much smaller cash burn in 2023.

Talking from the Adaptimmune side, last year, you'll see that our cash burn - net cash burn was approaching $200 million, $170 million net. And so that's come down substantially on the basis of the decisions that we took, both to focus the pipeline on to the key assets where we've got a really strong signal and product opportunities, but also to reduce the size and shape of the company, which we executed on over the course of the last few months.

And I know that the TCR2 team have done similar, which makes it difficult to look at the 2022 numbers and project forward. And that's what - that's partially why we've done some of that work in the run-up to the combination that we announced today in order to enable us to project forward the runway into 2026.

And as we continue with the integration work between now and the close of this deal, integration planning between now and the close of this deal and obviously, ultimately, the integration work, we'll be able to say more about that in due course. Garry, anything to add to that?

Garry Menzel

No, I think you got it right. The only thing I'd point you to, Michael, is that in an 8-K, I think we filed an updated cash position. So, there's a little bit of information in there, but the reality is not all of the impact of the changes that we made at the beginning of the year are reflected in that. There were some other moving parts. And then, of course, you layer in this transaction.

So, sorry that we're not able to give you precise numbers. But as we begin our integration planning, perhaps we'll be able to say more going forward.

Michael Schmidt

Okay. Sounds good. Thank you. And then just on the ADP-A2M4 program, what else do we learn from the ongoing Phase I study this year? I know that Phase II cohorts will readout next year. But anything else we'll learn on the Phase I in 2023? Thanks.

Adrian Rawcliffe

Yes. Thanks, Michael. So, I think the Phase I program for SURPASS - for CD8 of the SURPASS-trial itself and the original cohort of that, which was recruiting across a basket of tumors types, all of whom are reasonable or high MAGE-A4 expression in late-stage patients were not having heavily pre-treated multiple prior lines of therapy, obviously.

That study has two parts - that piece has two parts to it. The monotherapy arm where we reported 43 patients in monotherapy and that 37% response rate last year, we anticipate completing that arm. And the guidance we've given is that we'll have ultimately 50 to 60 patients in it and reading that out in 2023.

We also anticipate - or we're also recruiting in parallel a combination arm again in those - that range of tumor types in again in late-stage patients in combination with nivolumab. And that we intend to enroll between 10 to 20 patients to give us experience using checkpoints in combination with ourselves as a precursor for all the other work that we're doing further downstream. And that will also read out, we anticipate this year later on this year.

And so those -- that's what you can expect from the original. I just want to make sure that everyone understands like the two cohorts in first-line head and neck and first-line bladder are also part of that SURPASS trial, albeit that they're separate cohorts in different patient populations.

Michael Schmidt

Great. Thank you.

Adrian Rawcliffe

Thanks, Michael.

Operator

Our next question comes from Jonathan Chang of SVB Securities. Please go ahead.

Jonathan Chang

Hi, guys. Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. First question, how are you thinking about strategic priorities following the combination, more specifically for gavo-cel? Is the focus still ovarian cancer? And what would you need to see in the data by year-end to continue for the development of the program in ovarian cancer?

And then second question, I guess, just for emphasis, following up on the prior questions, can you give us more granular color on how we should be thinking about expenses of the combined company moving forward? We're just trying to make the model work. Thank you.

Adrian Rawcliffe

Okay. So maybe I'll start on sort of view a strategic focus. And then maybe I'll ask Garry to comment on the focus in ovarian cancer with gavo-cel and perhaps what a good signal looks like there. And then I'll come back to the cost discussion.

So in terms of strategic focus, one of the things that you have is you have two companies who have already gone through a very significant portfolio rationalization as part of their becoming fit-for-purpose for the world that we find ourselves in. And so for us, that was narrowing down our focus clinically to afami-cel for synovial sarcoma and for CD8 to the three indications at different stages, as we just talked about for MAGE-A4 and focusing on MAGE-A4.

And then in preclinical, that was us focusing really heavily down on PRAME in the short term and moving forward to IND with that. For the other -- for TCR2, the focus is on mesothelin, focus on ovarian, specifically for gavo-cel and then TC-510 in dose-escalating drive. Again, first and second-generation programs in one target essentially in the clinic on each side.

So, that's the narrowing of the focus and then behind of the 510, obviously, TC-520 for CD70 in preclinical. So, I think you've got a very nicely focused pipeline, 2 clinical targets, 2 preclinical targets within the clinical targets focused out on indications.

Nonetheless, we as a company will look to make rational data-driven decisions as we go forward about how to develop this combined focused portfolio. And you can anticipate that not just immediately, but over the course of the entire financing window as well, we are going to focus the resources of the company on those areas where we feel as a combined company, we have the most opportunity to create real value on products for patients. So that's that.

Garry, do you want to talk a little bit about specifically gavo-cel focus and signals there?

Garry Menzel

Yes. It's a good question, Jonathan. Good to hear your voice. Basically, with gavo-cel, what we have been advised is that if we can maintain the objective response rate that we showed in Phase I, which, if you recall, was around 30% and demonstrate durability that is a positive outcome. What's durability? It's basically being able to get responses that last 6 months or more, and then feeds ultimately into overall survival since that's what the patient cares about more than anything else.

We're obviously employing checkpoint inhibitors in order to help with that from the Phase I and re-dosing strategies, as well as moving to earlier lines of therapy. There will be some translational data presented in the middle of the year. We haven't decided exactly at which conference, but we'll present that in the middle of the year. And the goal, as I said, is to be able to showcase the checkpoint inhibitors are indeed helping us with durability. But that's the readout that we're looking for at the end of the year.

Adrian Rawcliffe

And then - thanks, Garry. And then on to your last question, the request for increased granularity on the cash flow. The short answer is, we can't give increased granularity at this point in time, as I referred to previously. However, maybe I could say a couple of things that might be useful as you think about the modeling. I think the first is that both companies have executed a fairly significant downsizing. So the 2023 spend looks nothing like the 2022 spend for both companies. That's the first point.

Second point, the financing - the profile of financing for Adaptimmune specifically, as we've talked about before, is historically, and we anticipate being in the future, quite lumpy. Specifically, we tend to spend the majority of the net cash burn in the first part of the year. And that is then -- our burn is then offset by both tax credits and payments from partners that we typically receive in the second half of the year. And so the combination of that makes the cash flow through the year quite spiking.

So when we put all of this together and make reasonable assumptions about the levels of efficiency going forward, we believe that we are financed into 2026 with this combined portfolio, delivering the catalysts that we have outlined previously.

Jonathan Chang

Got it. Thank you.

Operator

Our next question comes from Asthika Goonewardene of Truist Securities. Please go ahead.

Asthika Goonewardene

Hey, guys. Thanks for taking my question. All right. I get it. I know what's going on here. Just a few quicks. The first is secret [ph] profitability to take over cell therapy, isn't it?

Adrian Rawcliffe

Absolutely.

Asthika Goonewardene

Okay. On a serious note, Ad and Garry, okay. So a question I'd like for both of you to answer independently is from a scientific standpoint, what technologies are being brought together from both your companies that you are most interested in putting into a single cell.

And then a question on using the manufacturing capacity, when do you get to use the - sorry, when the TCR2 - once the drug gets used to Adaptimmune's manufacturing capacity? And related to that, does the merger enclosing in the second quarter allow you to build more capacity to treat lung cancer patients with gavo-cel rather than approach it on opportunistically how you outlined earlier ala, you'll treat a lung cancer patient if there's no ovarian cancer slots being used?

Adrian Rawcliffe

Okay. So why don't I take a stab at what I'm most excited about from a tech platform perspective. Garry, I think you could do the same. And I'm actually going to focus on -- I'm going to focus on 3 things that I think are really, really interesting from this -- from a technical perspective. I'm going to go with the first.

First is the combination of the fundamental platforms is actually really interesting. We will then have access to the entire target universe. And I will point out that TCR2 are, I believe, the only company who have a robust efficacy signal with a mesothelin-targeting -- targeted cell therapy. And I think that is indicative of the potential of the TRuC platform for cell surface antigens. And between the two of us, we then cover the entire target universe, point one.

Secondly, I think the combination of the next-generation approaches has a lot of leverage associated with it. I'm particularly interested personally, given the clinic -- in clinical development in the PD-1 CD28 switch that operates differently to most -- our existing next-generation approaches.

And I think that would be really interesting to see the applicability of this. And then, lastly, I think the opportunity to - and this is obviously over the longer term to take the border pipeline and put it onto am Adaptimmune allogeneic platform as that matures, I think, is also a really key long-term benefit of this combination. Garry?

Garry Menzel

So Asthika, since Ad has basically managed to grab all of the innovations and tell you about them, I'm going to...

Adrian Rawcliffe

Still got membrane balance, obviously, Garry.

Garry Menzel

That is very true. I guess I could throw that in there. But I'll tell you what, I'm in some respects most excited about it perhaps a softer issue. That's a really important one that almost gets to your first comment about is this the beginning of consolidation within the cell therapy space on the solid tumor side.

And that is that what I've observed is the leadership teams on the scientific side in these conversations have been excited about each of its technologies and begun riffing [ph] over what they might do together in the future, new ideas that will emerge from the combination of the company -- the two companies into one combined entity.

I really do feel that there's going to be a lot of innovation that comes out of that. And this is a space where we do need continued innovation. So beyond the items that were mentioned by Ad, which I fully endorse, I'm really excited about what the teams will create together going forward.

Adrian Rawcliffe

And then your next question was on sort of manufacturing capability and manufacturing capacity and things like that and access to that for the -- and I think there's an interesting balance that we'll need to play out over time. So one of the things that I am really excited about is both of our companies are very pragmatic when it comes to developing cell therapies.

I think developing cell therapies teaches you humility and it teaches you pragmatism. And so we are going to need to make pragmatic choices about the development of these on the basis of the existing platforms that we've got. And largely, TCR2 is on a Miltenyi Prodigy platform. And largely, we are on other platforms that we've developed internally, 2 different ones for afami-cel and CD8.

Having said that, over time, there is obviously the opportunity to either bring the Miltenyi Prodigy platform into our capacity, our capabilities and/or as the pipelines evolve, move to common manufacturing processes over time. And so that's an obvious synergy. And I just want to point out something that's really interesting about these companies.

As you put the two - as you think about putting the two together, I would encourage you to think about the fit of these companies because we are both solid tumor, both engineered TCR-cell therapies. We both use a number of the same platforms and approaches. And just pick one, the lentiviral vector transduction to insert the genetic material into the cell. We're both on common platforms. We have for some of this.

And then we have other areas where we can, over time, combine and bring synergies. So, there's a great deal of intellectual synergy associated with the act of developing engineered T-cell therapies for solid tumors. But at the same time, the engineering allows us to do different things because TCR2 is focused on extracellular proteins.

And we've been focused almost entirely on intracellular proteins and the expression on a peptide MHC complex and targeting that. And so it's a very unique combination where there is a lot of intellectual platform capability advantages. But at the same time, it expands the universe of the things that we're able to address and build a company that really has heft in the solid tumor space.

Asthika Goonewardene

Thanks.

Adrian Rawcliffe

Thanks, Asthika.

Operator

Our next question comes from Kelly Shi of Jefferies. Please go ahead.

Kelly Shi

Hi. Thank you for taking my questions. And I apologize if this has been asked. I'm curious to how do you all see manufacturing for the combined business unit to supply future clinical and commercial demand? Should we expect the cost of savings on this front without synergy [ph] cost to companies? Thank you.

Adrian Rawcliffe

Garry, do you want to have a go on that in addition to what I just said?

Garry Menzel

Yes. I mean I think from our side, Kelly, what excites me are many of the things that excite me about this deal. Manufacturing is one of them. We have adopted a policy up to this point of relying on external agencies in order to do our manufacturing. And that's worked very well for us up to this point.

Now, we don't need to build internal capabilities because those exist already as Adaptimmune. And so we'll be able to roll out that. It's great that gives you greater control over your patient delivery supply chain, and I'm happy about that. So for me, this is one of the major advantages of the combination.

Kelly Shi

Thank you.

Operator

Our next question comes from Soumit Roy of Jones Research. Please go ahead.

Soumit Roy

Good morning, everyone and congrats on all the progress. One question on the MAGE-A4 on the ovarian side and the gavo-cel are. Trying to understand if this is going to be competing products or they are mutually going to be exclusively developed or address the patient population? Or is there any overlap in the expression of MAGE-A4 and mesothelin? Or they are exclusively expressed in different patient populations, be it in ovarian or head and neck or any of the other indications?

Adrian Rawcliffe

So, I think we have most insight into probably the ovarian space. So maybe I can just think about that and guide as to how to think about that. So, we're actually really excited about the opportunity for developing these in parallel. I think it is in parallel because although I'm sure there are some patients who expressed both MAGE-A4 and mesothelium, we don't think that the - they're unlikely to be completely separate populations, nor is the overlap likely to be enormous given that both of these are expressed in a subset of the ovarian population.

So, we think that there's a real opportunity to do a couple of things. One is to -- one and probably in sequence first is to look at how we screen patients onto the trials. And it's obvious that if you could reduce the screen failure rate, increase the screen success rate by having both of the trials ongoing at a particular site, that would be a fantastic opportunity to capture a larger portion of the ovarian cancer patients.

Then the second sort of piece of that is, obviously, then in commercial where you can offer a broader cell therapy to a broader commercial population as well. And then the other piece is, I think, longer term, scientifically, it will enable us to explore, well, what happens in those patients who have both -- both, do have overlapping expression? Is there the opportunity to either give the products into sequence or together to enable for that patient population and even deeper response?

And I will add to that, that PRAME is also -- it has significant -- it's not in the majority of patients, the significant expression in the ovarian cancer population. So actually, long term, you can think about MAGE-A4, gavo-cel and PRAME, all expressed in a minority of ovarian cancer patients. But together, the opportunity to offer a cell therapy treatment to a larger population of ovarian cancer patients and to look at the patients with multiple antigens and think about whether there's the opportunity to multi-antigen strategies, to be able to get to better outcomes for patients with multi-antigen strategies. Long term, of course, you think about all of that on the allo platform as well and the opportunities there.

So, I just think there's a real opportunity over the long term to think about how to optimize this. In the short term, however, I think what we've got is MAGE-A4 CD8 in a Phase II trial that we hope to become registrational or SURPASS-3, that could become a product for us there. And gavo-cel in a trial in combination with checkpoint inhibitors with a readout this year, and that's very pragmatically where we need to be focused in the short term.

Soumit Roy

Got it. And on the commercialization side, we see Cintia Piccina is leaving. So is there a reshuffling going on, on the commercial team? And how is this -- how are you going to combine the R&D team from these two different companies because they seem to be specialized in their own ways with their own products? Is that expense going to be completely additive with probably 25% reduction on the TCR2 side and also the clinical team? It seems like everything is adding up rather than having a synergy there?

Adrian Rawcliffe

Yes. So, I think we're just starting integration planning. So it's not appropriate for us to talk specifically about particular areas. However, I think for Cintia, leaving as Chief Commercial Officer, Cintia has built a great team. That decision was associated with the reductions that we announced as an organization last year. But Cintia has built a great team that will enable us to continue with the commercial planning and strategy for afami-cel in due course. In addition, Cintia will continue as a consultant for us, in particular, on commercial strategy associated with that program. So, that relates to the previous discussions that we've had and the decisions we made last year.

With respect to synergies, we're just starting integration planning, and we'll have more to say on that in due course. Clearly, the balance of this is that there are unique skill sets on both sides that we will need to preserve and leverage in order to be able to realize our ambitions for this pipeline. And at the same time, it's obvious that there are things like establishment costs, et cetera, that are duplicated between the two companies.

Soumit Roy

Thank you. And good luck in 2023. It's going to be a busy year for you guys.

Adrian Rawcliffe

It certainly is.

Operator

Our next question comes from Yanan Zhu of Wells Fargo Securities. Please go ahead.

Yanan Zhu

Hi. Thanks for taking the question. I just have a quick one on timeline to durability of response data for the respective ovarian cancer product candidates from both companies. Maybe for MAGE-A4 that if you could also comment on the IO combo, when might we see durability of response, when might we have a sense of the potential expansion and the durability of response? Thank you.

Adrian Rawcliffe

Okay. I think you are right. So specifically on the MAGE-A4 because I think we've answered that on the gavo-cel side because that's in progress at the moment. So with respect to MAGE-A4, actually, the reason that we designed the SURPASS-3 trial in the way that we did with an independent monotherapy and combination arm is because we want to assess the potential for the CD8 program as monotherapy to actually be a registrational program. That's why we did that.

So it's pretty obvious we think that from that, that there's a reasonable chance that the durability is sufficient to enable end registration there. Otherwise, we wouldn't have designed the trial in that way. However, the add-on with PD-1 is to drive depth and durability and potentially number of responders in that setting. And it's just worth pointing out that in ovarian cancer, checkpoint inhibitors typically do not have a significant efficacy signal on them. So it's a real opportunity for synergy associated with the cells.

In terms of timeline, from that trial, SURPASS-3, because that is a registration-oriented trial, we do not anticipate releasing data from that until we have fully enrolled that trial and that cohort. And that won't happen until sort of tail end of 2024 when we've fully enrolled that registration-oriented trial.

And so I think the data from ovarian cancer will be in combination will be related to a small number of patients that we have been able to recruit -- or we'll be able to recruit in the Phase I study, so a slightly different patient population in combination with nivolumab. And that we would anticipate being probably tail end of this year or into early next year before we have durability data in that relatively modest number of patients.

Garry Menzel

And then I think just to reaffirm on gavo-cel again, in ovarian cancer, you'll see clinical durability data at the end of the year. That's what our intent is to present. In the middle of the year, you'll see some translational data, which hopefully will provide a pathway to that clinical data at the back end of the year.

Yanan Zhu

Great. And also, I have another kind of related question. I think Adaptimmune, obviously, is advancing the head and neck and urothelial cancer studies in earlier line setting. I was wondering if the -- on the mesothelin side for the combined company, would exploring earlier line also potentially be a potential strategy from that side of the combined company? Thanks.

Adrian Rawcliffe

So, I think - I'll talk maybe in principle, then maybe, Garry, you could touch on and thinking on from your side on mesothelin in earlier lines of therapy. So in principle, we think that there are substantial advantages to moving into earlier line for cell therapies. In addition to the normal oncology development advantages that you get, which is healthier patients, less fewer levels of pre-treatment and a less advanced tumor, there's a really critical piece in self-therapy that everything that we know says that the earlier you can get cells from a patient, the more pristine those cells are, the less damaged by repeated assaults from chemotherapy or other therapeutic regimens.

The earlier you can go, the better those cells are likely to perform. And this is -- the ultimate starting point is that when we do work in patients who have patients -- cancer patients or healthy donors, the healthy donor cells typically grow better and produce better T-cells, engineered T-cells. So everything suggests that getting in earlier will be better for cell therapies.

And that's why we believe that there's this opportunity in head and neck and bladder cancer to go in, in these earlier settings and potentially transform those spaces with the response rates that we're seeing in very late-stage patients, replicated, potentially improved in the early line setting. Garry?

Garry Menzel

And I would just endorse that in our own data set, we just don't have enough patients to be able to parse out lines of therapy versus dose escalations or use of checkpoint inhibitors or re-dosing or other strategies, but the principle that's been shown, I think, in many other studies in oncology is that the earlier lines of therapy give you a better shot at treating patients.

If you think of gavo-cel in Phase I, we were treating a lot of patients who were either in or going to hospice, who had other comorbidities just incredibly sick, 5, 6, 7, 8 lines of therapy before them, and it just makes it very difficult.

So having healthier patients who can tolerate therapies more and whose cells are likely to be more robust, logically, you would hope that, that would lead to better clinical benefit. We just don't have the data to prove that out yet from our own studies.

Yanan Zhu

Got it. Very helpful. Thank you.

Operator

Our next question comes from Peter Lawson of Barclays. Please go ahead.

Peter Lawson

Great. Thanks for taking the question. Just going back to the cash guidance. Just curious if that includes commercial products from both Adaptimmune and TCR2?

Adrian Rawcliffe

So the only product that would be launching within that timeframe would be afami-cel for the treatment of synovial sarcoma. It doesn't include revenue from those products, no. So from that product, no is the simple answer to that. That would be additive to that. And we've said that we will comment more on our commercial plans as we get through registration. So it's inherently a conservative approach to what we might do with afami-cel.

Peter Lawson

Perfect. And then I guess a question for Garry, whether this was a competitive process, how long did this take? And is there any breakup fees for this?

Garry Menzel

So last question first. Yes, there are breakup fees, standard breakup fees. I would say, first of all, that there will be an S-4 coming out that will provide full details of the dialogue. What I can tell you now, because you'll have to wait until then for that is Ad and I have known each other for a couple of decades.

So even before we were both specialized in cell therapy, we had an ongoing dialogue and, of course, with preeminent [ph] cell therapy for a number of years now, not surprisingly being at the forefront of our deals, we've had ongoing dialogue just in terms of our thoughts in the field.

But in terms of this particular process, the fall of last year was when we began to have discussions in earnest and you'll see more of that. In other words, this was a thoughtful process, and we're always talking to a lot of people in the field. So, that's all I think we can say at this point.

Peter Lawson

Got you. Can you disclose the breakup fees? Or do we have to wait for the filings?

Garry Menzel

You'll have to wait for the filings.

Peter Lawson

Okay. And then just going back to the cash runway guidance. Does that include potentially further rationalization of the combined pipeline? Is that something you foresee doing? Is that something we have to wait until 2Q? Or is it kind of a data-driven thing? Or should you just look at that pipeline as the go forward?

Adrian Rawcliffe

So, I think all of the above. Yes, it's a data-driven thing. The pipeline that we've put out there is the pro forma combined pipeline of the companies, and we will make data-driven. And based on the catalysts that we've outlined to you, those will be the data points when we'll be able to make decisions about development pathways for those assets.

Operator

This concludes the question-and-answer session. I will now turn the call back over to Adrian Rawcliffe for any closing remarks.

Adrian Rawcliffe

So, I'd just like to close by referring you back to the five rationales for why this is a compelling transaction at this point in time; the solid tumor focus, the catalysts achievable within the extended runway, the deep innovative pipeline and the end-to-end capabilities that both companies have shown that I think between them in the combination will make this a compelling cell therapy company for the future. Thank you very much, and look forward to catch up conversations with many of you in due course.

Operator

This concludes today's conference call. You may disconnect your lines. Thank you for participating, and have a pleasant day.+